Portuguese Official Journal, Series 1 — No. 108 — 5 June, 2019 2890 propagandistic and radicalizing content on such services and platforms. Regarding cyberspace activism (hacktivism), a phenomenon with apparent political motivations or serving a cause, which in the generality of cases means the application of methods for the disruption of systems, exfiltration, and massive public disclosure of individual data, there is a dormant potential of threat agents with the specialized capabilities adequate to perform acts of major disruption of network and information systems. The multiplication of available learning resources and userfriendly tools has increased the number of intentional attacks on network and information systems by various actors. Many of the aforementioned threat agents find in cyberspace a stage for action, facilitated by a set of vulnerabilities from which it suffers. The identification of these vulnerabilities, coupled with the weak cybersecurity culture and awareness of individual responsibilities in this field, as well as the insufficient digital maturity to address the security needs in both the public and private sectors, are the main weaknesses that need to be solved. Alongside this reality, the difficulty in training, maintaining and attracting human and financial resources to monitor the rapid technological evolution and the concomitant impact on life in society represents an additional national vulnerability, requires a strong investment to be tackled, innovative networking collaboration models and an increase in research, development and innovation. There is also a need to strengthen the coordination and strategic and operational coordination of national entities involved in the security of cyberspace in order to safeguard the efficient and effective national crisis management. 3 — Vision This Strategy sets the following vision for 2023: Portugal to be a safe and prosperous country through innovative, inclusive and resilient action that preserves the fundamental values of the democratic rule of law and ensures the regular functioning of institutions corresponding to the digital evolution of society. 4 — Strategic Objectives Strategic Objective 1 — Maximize Resilience: Strengthen and guarantee the national digital resilience by enhancing inclusion and networking in order to safeguard the security of cyberspace of national interest against threats that may compromise or cause the disruption of the network and information systems essential to society. Strategic Objective 2 — Promote Innovation: Foster and enhance national innovation capacity by affirming the cyberspace as a domain for the economic, social and cultural development and prosperity. Strategic Objective 3 — Generate and guarantee resources: Contribute to obtain and guarantee the allocation of adequate resources for building and sustaining the national capacity on cyberspace security. 5 — Axes The implications and needs associated with each of the strategic objectives make it possible to define a general and specific approach, translated into six intervention axes, which form concrete lines of action aimed at reinforcing the national strategic potential in cyberspace by increasing its security, namely: Axis 1 — Axis 2 — Axis 3 — Axis 4 — crime; Axis 5 — Axis 6 — Axis 1 — Cyberspace security structure; Prevention, education and awareness; Cyberspace and infrastructures protection; Response to threats and combating cyberResearch, development and innovation; National and international cooperation. Cyberspace Security Structure: The complexity and scope of the cyberspace security challenges require a strong and transversal leadership and governance, an agile, quick and effective operational coordination, capacity to respond and safeguard the national interests and, above all, an involvement of resources, knowledge and competences. Thus, within this axis, the following lines of action shall be adopted: Consolidate the national structure contained in Law No. 46/2018 of 13 August, reinforcing the Superior Council for Cyberspace Security as a specific consultative body for the Prime Minister to ensure the political-strategic coordination for cyberspace security, with representatives of all stakeholders to ensure a transversal and inclusive approach to policies and initiatives developed by the various entities with responsibilities on this area; Strengthen the National Cybersecurity Centre as the National Cybersecurity Authority and, as a result, as the national single point of contact for international cybersecurity cooperation purposes, without prejudice to the legal attributions of other entities, namely the Public Prosecutor and the Criminal Police, concerning international cooperation in criminal matters, the Armed Forces in cyber defence, the Secretary-General of the Information System of the Portuguese Republic on the production of national and external security information and the Secretary-General of the Internal Security System regarding the Single Point of Contact on international police cooperation, alert situations and quick response to internal security threats; Strengthen the national cyber defence capacity to maximize the resilience of the Armed Forces to deal with significant incidents or cyber-attacks that affect national interests and sovereignty; all means should be used to respond to cyberattacks, including offensive cyberspace capabilities, proving to be essential a close liaison and coordination with the various relevant actors in case of incidents; Strengthen the national cybersecurity capacity to maximize the resilience of the Security Forces and Services, to address significant incidents or cyber-attacks within their attributions, being fundamental a close connection and coordination with the various relevant actors in cases of incidents; Deepen the dual use of cyber defence capabilities within military operations and national cybersecurity by developing and consolidating an information sharing system at various decision-making levels and thresholds; Promote a greater articulation and coordination of the relevant entities in the areas of cyberspace security, notably through the creation of synergies with the entities that are in