mechanisms of which are actively used in the process of hybrid war against Ukraine. EU
countries, NATO, leading international companies and experts unanimously recognize the
Russian Federation and its actions in cyberspace as a major threat to international
cybersecurity. Its cyber-exploration activities are part of the hybrid war that is waging
against Ukraine. Such destructive activity poses a real threat of acts of cyberterrorism and
cyber diversion against the national information infrastructure.
The intensity of interstate confrontation and reconnaissance and subversive activities in
cyberspace is projected to increase, which will be manifested primarily in expanding the
range of states that will try to form their own cyber intelligence, master modern
technologies of reconnaissance and subversive activities in cyberspace, and strengthen state
control over the Internet. At the same time, the development of tools that are based on the
accumulation of large amounts of data on human behavior, social groups and on the use of
modern advances in artificial intelligence will become widespread.
A negative sign of technological development associated with the widespread spread of
digital technologies, the expansion of the Internet environment, is the critically growing
technical level of tools for the realization of cyber threats, and the landscape of such threats
covers more and more areas of life as the result. Cyberattacks, their varieties are becoming
more intelligent and dangerous, creating a real threat to critical infrastructures. Attackers
focus on finding vulnerabilities in assets (management systems) and develop unique
features: multifunctional malware, ransomware, botnets that perform distributed attacks
(DDoS) on operating networks, production systems that use cloud services, attacks on
supply chains. Given the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the next 5-10
years, the scale and consequences of such interventions will increase.
The use of cyberspace by terrorist organizations (cyberterrorism) is gaining global scale. This
will be facilitated by the comprehensive digital transformation of management and
livelihood systems, which is constantly expanding the target audience of cyberterrorism and
the range of potential targets of cyber attacks. The priority objects of terrorist cyberattacks
are nuclear energy facilities, power supply control systems, air and rail transport, powerful
storage facilities for strategic raw materials, water supply systems, chemical and biological
facilities.
New challenges bring the transition to 5G networks, the operation of which depends on the
correct operation of the software, which due to the novelty of technology may have new,
not fully anticipated threats. Technologies such as "Internet of Things", "augmented reality",
"smart city" are actively supplemented by new ones - "hyperautomation", "smartly
arranged business", "cybersecurity network", "distributed cloud", "Internet behavior", etc.
By radically changing the world order, the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic will have a longterm impact on the world order. Dependence on digital communications is growing, which
makes the process of information exchange, protection of information and personal data
vulnerable. Cybercriminals, making the most of the pandemic, have increasingly used new
methods of cyberattacks since its inception, forcing national governments to implement
additional countermeasures, maintain access to the necessary devices, and ensure the
proper functioning of all electronic resources and systems.