Development and functional relationship Addressing the weaknesses43 3 During the 2008 Georgian operation the Russian military identified several capability and organisational weaknesses and sought to address the causes. Although their response was not the same as this doctrine note discusses, it reflects their investment in the same operational arena. In a similar vein, the Russian military has supported a drive for a more ‘joint’ approach across the formerly stovepiped single Services. In addition, they have invested in specialist units notably across cyber, electronic warfare and strategic military communications. All of this is underpinned by a series of strategic and operational command and control programmes such as the National Defence Control Center. This, combined with a plan to replace 70% of old equipment by 2020, means that Russian electronic warfare capabilities will approach, or exceed, those of many North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members well before that date. In many ways, this, like the changes in capability development and acquisition, parallel those changes undertaken by NATO members, most notably the United States of America. asas 43 s 43 Based on Internet research pieced together for this joint doctrine note, an example of which is available at http://ssi.armywarcollege.edu/pdffiles/pub1069.pdf 36 JDN 1/18