A/74/120 • With regard to capacity-building, as interdependence across borders has deepened, it is not possible for Japan to secure peace and stability alone. Glob al coordination to reduce and eliminate cybersecurity vulnerabilities is essential to ensuring Japan’s national security. From this standpoint, assisting capacitybuilding in other States ensures the stability of the lives of Japanese residents and the activities of Japanese companies in other countries that depend on critical infrastructure in those States as well as the sound development of the use of cyberspace there. At the same time, it is also directly connected to ensuring the security of all cyberspace and contributes to the improvement of the security environment for the entire world, including Japan. Also, in the field of cybercrime, Japan is one of the few non-European parties to the Convention on Cybercrime and takes a positive role in promoting the Convention, which is an important legal framework for countering cybercrime, through capacity building assistance in the Asian region. 3. Relevant international concepts aimed at strengthening the security of global information and telecommunications systems Japan supports the consensus agreements of the previous Groups of Governmental Experts that existing international law applies in cyberspace. We have seen the discussion on the development of normative behaviour, the operationalization of confidence-building measures, and capacity-building as the key approaches to shaping responsible State behaviour in cyberspace. In particular, Japan recognizes that the implementation of non-binding and voluntary norms of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace, as referred to in the 2015 report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Developments in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security, must be the foundation for ensuring international stability and predictability, and for future discussions on this issue. In this regard, we believe any attempts to conclude newly comprehensive treaties or similar instruments would not positively enhance cybersecurity at present. 4. Possible measures that could be taken by the international community to strengthen information security at the global level Japan, as a responsible State, while promoting coordination with relevan t regional frameworks by the international community based on existing international law, and all concepts identified through the Group of Governmental Experts, believes that developing a common understanding of the voluntary and non -binding norms of responsible State behaviour, and the implementation of these norms, will contribute to the strengthening of international security. 5. The content of the concepts mentioned in the reports of the Group of Governmental Experts Japan believes that it is effective and meaningful for all States to take into consideration the following concepts identified by the Group of Government al Experts: Influence on the international community by malicious cyberacts To flexibly incorporate the rapid development of information and communications technologies into our lives and to prevent the damage stemming from malicious cyberacts, we should acknowledge the importance of foreseeing existing and potential threats in cyberspace and how the international community could be affected by them. 32/39 19-10580