MINISTRY OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY THE CYBERSECURITY CHALLENGE The Evolving Threat Landscape Aggressively supporting the technological advancements in Kenya has resulted in a more open, interconnected nation which can offer adversaries avenues for exploiting computer networks. Cyber attacks are continuously evolving—to a great extent faster than cyber defences—resulting in an ever-increasing frequency of attacks and the probability of success over time. Figure 1 provides a snapshot of the sophistication of cyber-attacks from 1980-2012. These cyber attacks may come from hacktivists seeking to publicize political views, from criminal organizations seeking financial gain, from terrorist groups seeking to inflict economic or political damage, or from state-sponsored intelligence and security organizations advancing their own economic or national security aims. Many attacks involve extremely sophisticated technological and social engineering techniques; however, low-technology penetrations—such as insider threats—remain a danger. Figure 1: Compounding Cyber Attack Progression 4 February 2014