Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Background ................................................................................................................................ 1 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 3 Structure of the report ................................................................................................................ 5 2. Infrastructure and standardisation cluster ............................................... 6 2.1 Telecommunication infrastructure ....................................................................................... 6 2.2 Technical standards .............................................................................................................. 7 2.3 Web standards ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Internet protocol numbers .................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Domain name system ......................................................................................................... 10 2.6 Root zone ........................................................................................................................... 12 2.7 Net neutrality ..................................................................................................................... 13 2.8 Cloud computing................................................................................................................ 14 2.9 Convergence ...................................................................................................................... 15 2.10 The Internet of Things (IoT) ............................................................................................ 15 3. Security cluster ..............................................................................................17 3.1 Cybersecurity ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Cybercrime ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Critical information infrastructure ..................................................................................... 20 3.4 Cyberconflict...................................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Child safety online ............................................................................................................. 21 3.6 Encryption .......................................................................................................................... 22 3.7 Spam .................................................................................................................................. 23 3.8 Digital signatures ............................................................................................................... 24 ii

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