Chapter VIII
Electronic Record, Electronic Data Message and
Electronic Signature
19. (a) Matters prescribed to be reduced to writing or to be signed under any existing law may be made
by electronic record, electronic data message or electronic signature.
(b) The electronic record, electronic data message or electronic signature made under sub-section
(a) shall be lawful as if they were made under the relevant law.
20. The originator and the addressee shall, in accordance with the stipulated means, perform the
sending, receiving or storing of electronic record, electronic data message or electronic signature.
However, if there is a specific agreement between them, it may be performed in accordance with the
means of such agreement.
Chapter IX
Contracts made by Electronic Technology
21. In making contracts unless otherwise agreed by the parties, offer acceptance of offer and other
requirements may be made by electronic technology.
22. The electronic record and electronic data message shall be deemed to be that of the originator if it
was sent by the originator himself or by a person who had the authority to act on behalf of the
originator or by an information system programmed by or on behalf of the originator to operate
automatically.
23. An addressee is entitled to regard an information electronic record or electronic data message as
being that of the originator if it conforms to any of the following points and to act on that assumption:
(a) sending in accordance with the procedure previously agreed between the originator and the
addressee;
(b) receiving by the addressee data message which resulted from the action of a person who has
relationship with the originator or who has the authority to act on behalf of the originator and sending
by a procedure used by the originator.
24. On or before sending of the electronic record or electronic data message, the originator and the
addressee:
(a) may acknowledge the receipt by any of the following procedures:
(i) communicating by the addressee himself or automated or by any other means;
(ii) any conduct sufficient to indicate to the originator that addressee has received it;
(b) may enter into specific agreement in respect of the acknowledgement of receipt.
25. Where:
(a) the originator has stated that electronic record or the electronic data message is conditional on
receipt of the acknowledgement of the electronic data message or electronic record, it shall be treated
as though it had never been sent until the acknowledgement is received;
(b) the originator has not stated that electronic record or the electronic data message is conditional on
receipt of acknowledgement and the acknowledgement has not been received by the originator within