28 Section 4 OUR NATIONAL RESPONSE • Expanded intelligence and law enforcement focus on the threat. The intelligence agencies, the Ministry of Defence, the police and the National Crime Agency, in coordination with international partner agencies, will expand their efforts to identify, anticipate and disrupt hostile cyber activities by foreign actors, cyber criminals and terrorists. This will improve their intelligence collection and exploitation, with the aim of obtaining pre-emptive intelligence on the intent and capabilities of our adversaries. • Development and deployment of technology in partnership with industry, including Active Cyber Defence measures, to deepen our understanding of the threat, to strengthen the security of the UK public and private sector systems and networks in the face of that threat, and to disrupt malicious activity. • National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC). The Government has established a single, central body for cyber security at a national level. This body will manage national cyber incidents, provide an authoritative voice and centre of expertise on cyber security, and deliver tailored support and advice to departments, the Devolved Administrations, regulators and businesses. The NCSC will analyse, detect and understand cyber threats, and will also provide its cyber security expertise to support the Government’s efforts to foster innovation, support a thriving cyber security industry, and stimulate the development of cyber security skills. Uniquely for such a publicfacing body, its parent body is GCHQ and it can therefore draw on the worldclass expertise and sensitive capabilities of that organisation, improving the support it will be able to provide to the economy and society more widely. It will remain the responsibility of government departments to ensure they effectively implement this cyber security advice. National Cyber Security Strategy 2016 “Given the industrial-scale theft of intellectual property from our companies and universities, as well as the numerous phishing and malware scams that waste time and money, the National Cyber Security Centre shows that the UK is focusing its efforts to combat the threats that exist online.” Robert Hannigan, Director GCHQ, March 2016 4.17. Delivering these changes to our cyber security and resilience will require additional resources. In the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015, the Government set aside £1.9 billion over the five years of the strategy to deliver these commitments and objectives.