A/68/156 3.2 Other measures • Creation of specialist police groups to combat use of the Internet by criminal groups. • Participation in the “Check the Web” project developed by the European Police Office (Europol). • The National Cryptology Centre in the National Intelligence Centre makes a significant daily contribution to the effort to combat cyberattacks. In particular, its Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) has the capacity to respond to information security incidents. Established in early 2007 as a Spanish governmental body, the CERT participates in the primary international forums, where it shares objectives, ideas and information on cybersecurity. • Creation of the National Centre for the Protection of Critical Infrastructure • The Ministry of Defence is taking various steps in the area of cyberdefence. Through the Chiefs of Defence Staff, it participates in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, which Spain has been helping to fund since its establishment and to which it provides two experts. The Centre’s increasingly important role in the international effort to combat cyberterrorism is illustrated by the recent visit of His Majesty the King, during which he emphasized Spain’s commitment to international cybersecurity initiatives. • NATO is extremely active in cyberdefence activities; it has developed a Concept, adopted a policy and appointed a cyber defence management authority for the alliance. • The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has established an informal working group on confidence-building measures related to information and communications technologies. The working group’s goal is to reduce the potential for cyberattacks while strengthening mutual security through international cooperation, enhancing clarity and transparency and reducing the risks of misperception that could lead to the escalation of conflicts by developing political and military confidence-building measures for the use of information and communications technologies. • The National Security Scheme sets national security policy for use of the electronic media. It is grounded in basic principles and minimum requirements that allow for adequate protection of information, and all Government departments participate in its work. Its legal basis is a royal decree that will soon be issued pursuant to article 42 of Act No. 11/2007. Spain’s Security Strategy identifies the country’s primary security threats and risks and sets out a response to them, specifying cyberspace as one of the areas in which action must be taken. This analysis forms the basis for developing response strategies, building capacities and implementing administrative reforms. National Defence Directive 2012 lists the global threats that Spain must address, stating that cyberattacks are one of the primary risks and that they can be prevented only through a coalition of forces which, in the case of Spain, will be based on NATO and the European Union but will also require the support of other countries and groups of countries that also have a direct interest in monitoring such matters. 13-39735 7