(2) Support for measures against cybercrimes We are faced with a need to enhance capabilities to respond to and investigate crimes such as stealing personal and corporate information and intellectual properties, and hacking into the systems of government agencies and businesses that provide a foundation indispensable to our daily lives and economic activities, while deterring as many crimes as possible, and ensuring a free, fair and secure cyberspace based on the rule of law. To do so, collaboration (especially between law enforcement agencies) with the international community including developing countries is essential. We must continue to actively engage in this effort using frameworks such as Cybercrime Dialogue and relevant meetings held by Parties to the Convention on Cybercrime, in addition to providing more specific support. This specific support includes training on developing legislation related to measures against cybercrimes and criminal investigation methods, funding the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)’s Global Programme on Cybercrime, and providing training related to criminal justice in collaboration with the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) and others. (3) Sharing understanding and cyber situational awareness of international rules and confidence building measures Japan takes the position that the existing international law applies to cyberspace as well. As it is necessary to lead to formulating international rules and norms in cyberspace by participating in discussions on specific application of international law and other measures, we will enhance capacity building support efforts for each country on application of international law and the norms. Moreover, it is necessary to establish international communication channels from normal times to build confidence, while sharing understanding with other countries and to mutually raise awareness on matters in order to prevent the occurrence of unforeseen circumstances caused by cyberattacks. Therefore, we will continue such initiatives as awareness raising activities on cybersecurity (e.g., joint creation of awareness-raising content with ASEAN, opportunities for foreign students to exchange opinions), and bilateral and multilateral workshops and cyber talks. At the same time, we will also actively work to create international rules and share understanding with other countries, using forums for multilateral talks, such as the UN GGE and OEWG, and the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Inter-Sessional Meeting on ICTs Security. We will also secure capabilities for acting responsible State behavior in cyberspace, through efforts by multi-stakeholders including private companies, academia, and technical communities. (4) Human resources development and other cross-sectoral areas To date, relevant ministries have collaborated to provide human resources development programs according to the needs for support identified by the respective government agencies of other countries in the respective fields. Going forward, we will be required to meet requirements for digital transformation (DX), address growing needs for support in the critical infrastructure and other fields, and provide support even more efficiently with a limited budget. To those ends, we will discuss how to move forward while collaborating even more closely between relevant ministries, such as standardizing the basic skillsets of human resources in each field. Moreover, based on the global lack of advanced experts in the cybersecurity field has presented a major challenge for Japanese businesses operating in the ASEAN region in terms of securing the necessary human resources, we will develop human resources to support the activities of Japanese businesses overseas, including ASEAN, over the medium to long term, and create an environment that facilitates understanding of diverse cultures and acceptance of foreign resources at Japanese businesses through industry-government-academia collaboration. 4