A/77/92 of America and the European Union in attributing a range of destructive, disruptive and destabilizing cyberactivities against Ukraine to the Russian Government. Multi-stakeholder engagement Australia thanks Burhan Gafoor, Chair of the open-ended working group on security of and in the use of information and communications technologies 2021–2025, for his constructive efforts to obtain consensus agreement on a set of transparent and balanced modalities for the future participation of non -Government stakeholders in the working group. Australia looks forward to these modalities being formally adopted at the third substantive session of the working group, to be held in July 2022. Australia is a steadfast supporter of multi-stakeholder engagement in discussions on responsible State behaviour in cyberspace. Cyberspace is unique: the private sector, technical community, civil society and academia play a vital role in its technical management and governance, and the multi-stakeholder community can provide perspectives that help us better understand emerging cyberthreats, their impacts and how to address them. Australia was disappointed by some States’ efforts to stymie stakeholder participation in the process, which we consider goes against the spirit in which the working group was established. Australia believes that the working group is liable to have a far-reaching impact on many stakeholders, including direct impacts on communities and individuals, and that addressing the threats emanating from cyberspace requires us to leverage the experience, expertise and resources of all relevant stakeholders. Australia therefore welcomes the agreed modalities as a step towards transparency and inclusivity. Women in cyber As recognized by the women and peace and security agenda, women and girls are uniquely and disproportionately affected by conflict and crises, a s well as underrepresented in (and excluded from) international peace and security processes. As identified by the UNIDIR report “Still behind the curve: gender balance in arms control, non-proliferation and disarmament diplomacy”, First Committee processe s lag significantly behind the strides towards gender parity seen across other United Nations committees. UNIDIR data show that, in First Committee debates, 27 per cent of speakers are women. This drops to an average of 20 per cent in forums on more specialized topics. To address this, Australia, together with Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States, launched the Women in International Security and Cyberspace Fellowship in Februar y 2020. The Fellowship provides early- to mid-career women diplomats with training on multilateral negotiations, cyberpolicy and international law, and sponsors travel to New York to join their national delegations to United Nations meetings that consider responsible State behaviour in cyberspace, including at the working group. Australia is pleased that, through the Fellowship, many fellows were able to join their national delegations to the first and second sessions of the working group and made a significant contribution to the working group and to advancing the women and peace and security agenda. At the first session of the working group, held in December 2021, 37 per cent of interventions were made by women speakers. At its second session, held in March 2022, 43 per cent of interventions, and half of all international law statements, were made by women speakers. 6/34 22-08761