2 CONTEXT AND SCOPE OF SNC2022 2.1 Strategic context Since 2004, Senegal has liberalised the telecommunications sector, establishing a legislative and regulatory framework aimed at growing ICT in a secure environment, making the extent and impact of developing technology more transparent in Senegal. In fact, the trends and opportunities observed have increased rapidly since then, with new online technologies, services and applications appearing fast. These developments have also created major opportunities for economic and social growth for Senegal, and will continue to offer major advantages for companies online. Like any other country, turning Senegal digital will mean relying increasingly on data networks and systems; inevitably, though, these trends will provide more opportunities for individual and groups of troublemakers to compromise these data networks and systems. There are no frontiers in cyberspace, so cybercriminals will continue to intensify their efforts and increase their abilities to target individuals' and organisations' systems across the world, including in Senegal. 2.1.1 Threats 2.1.1.1 Cybercrime To SNC2022, there are two kinds of cybercrime, as follows: • Offences which can only be committed using ICT (knowing that these technologies can be used both as the means for committing these offences and as their targets), such as designing and distributing malware with a view to financial and other gains; • Conventional offences which are perpetrated or aggravated by using ICT. Cybercrime and cyber-offences are often committed in or against Senegal for financial motives. Those who commit these offences may live in Senegal or anywhere else for that matter; but, even if there are signs of cybercrime and those responsible are identified, it is very often difficult for the forces of law and their international counterparts to pursue offenders, particularly if they are in jurisdictions with limited capacities and/or those which do not have any partnership agreements with Senegal, even though we have divisions specialising in combating cybercrime in our Police and national Gendarmerie, each with their own specialist human and technical resources to help investigate cybercrimes and cyber-offences. As well as the complex threat of cybercrime which faces Senegal, there is also organised crime working via the 'dark web'. As well as being vulnerable to malware and sophisticated attacks aimed at individuals' and organisations' systems and networks, Senegal is exposed to increasingly aggressive attacks such as ransomware and distributed denial of service (DDoS). As well as the threats from organised crime groups, there is also a more ongoing form of cybercrime, less sophisticated but more common, against individuals and. Mobile identity theft and fraud are examples of this kind of cybercrime aimed at individuals and organisations via financial transactions. 7