French NATIONAL DIGITAL SECURITY STRATEGY — objective 1 STAKES F rance is the target of cyberattacks that damage its fundamental interests. Today, when an attacker targets the State, operators of vital importance or strategic businesses, the aim is for long-term installation in the information system in order to steal confidential data (political, diplomatic, military, technological, economic, financial or commercial). In the future, an attacker could take control of connected objects, remotely interrupt an industrial activity or destroy its target. Since 2011, about one hundred major cyberattacks have been addressed, most often in complete confidentiality, by competent administrations and service providers. In parallel, the positions taken by France on the international scene, its military operations and certain public debates are followed by cyberattacks aimed at marking public opinion. For example, the defacement of many websites after the terrorist attacks that targeted France in the beginning of 2015 had a technically low but symbolically high impact desired by the attackers. Similarly, the cyberattack that led to the interruption of an international French media was also aimed at making a strong impression and contributes to the radicalisation that leads to terrorist acts. This attack also demonstrated the capacity of attackers determined to disrupt the functioning of a highly symbolic infrastructure. For several years now many States have implemented their political will and considerable human, technical and financial means to carry out large-scale cyberspace operations against us. Whether they are known through publicly disclosed documents or revealed during the treatment of cyberattacks, the excesses of such practices harm the credibility of some of these States on the international scene and destroy the trust that would be naturally attributed to their businesses’ digital products and services. Therefore, the cyber risk, which was placed in 14 « the excesses of such practices harm the credibility of some of these States on the international scene and destroy the trust that would be naturally attributed to their businesses’ digital products and services. » third position for major threats to France by the 2013 White Paper on Defence and National Security, is now reinforced and constitutes a major challenge facing France. OBJECTIVE France will ensure the defence of its fundamental interests in cyberspace. It will reinforce the digital security of its critical infrastructures and do its utmost to ensure that of its essential operators to the economy. ORIENTATIONS > Having the scientific, technical and industrial capabilities required to protect sovereign information, ensure cybersecurity and develop a trustworthy digital economy. An Expert Panel for Digital Trust will be created, under the aegis of the State Secretariat for Digital Technology and the National Authority for the Security of Information Systems. The Expert Panel for Digital Trust will very regularly unite the competent administrations of the Prime Minister, the Ministries of National Education, Higher Education and Research, Justice, Defence, Social Affairs, Health and Women’s Rights, Economy, Industry, and Digital Technology and the Ministry of the Interior, the General Commission for Investment, the National Research Agency and the research organisations concerned. The panel can include stakeholders from the