CHAPTER TWO: THE GLOBAL PICTURE unauthorized computer access. These are not, however, always in the same direction as those perceived by law enforcement. The theme that the prevalence and threat of cybercrime varies according to who is asked is well exemplified Figure 2.2: Most significant cybercrime threats ‐ views of Member states by comparison 7% Computer‐related production, distribution or of results from possession of child pornography 16% Computer‐related acts causing personal harm countries and 9% the private Computer‐related solicitation or ‘grooming’ of children sector. When Computer‐related identity offences asked which Breach of privacy or data protection measures 9% cybercrime acts 13% Computer‐related acts in support of terrorism constitute the offences Computer‐related fraud and forgery 3% most significant Sending or controlling sending of SPAM threat (in terms 5% 2% of seriousness Computer‐related copyright and trademark offences 3% 2% and loss or Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools 2% damage), the 5% Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer data answers of law Illegal access to a computer system enforcement 24% Illegal data interference or system damage institutions were Source: Study cybercrime questionnaire. Q81. (n=59, r=138) similar to those given regarding the most common acts – showing roughly equal distribution between financial-driven acts, content-related acts, and acts directly against computer systems or data. In Figure 2.3: Most significant cybercrime threats ‐ views of private sector organizations contrast, as Computer‐related production, distribution or might be possession of child pornography 2% 4% expected, 10% Computer‐related acts causing personal harm 2% private sector Computer‐related solicitation or ‘grooming’ of organizations children 18% Computer‐related identity offences viewed acts 19% against computer Breach of privacy or data protection measures systems as a Computer‐related acts in support of terrorism offences significantly Computer‐related fraud and forgery greater threat Sending or controlling sending of SPAM than other 8% types of Computer‐related copyright and trademark offences cybercrime. Production, distribution or possession of computer misuse tools Illegal access, 6% Illegal access, interception or acquisition of computer interference or data 23% 8% Illegal access to a computer system damage are Source: Study cybercrime questionnaire (private sector). Q56. (n=8, r=51) viewed by the Illegal data interference or system damage private sector as a greater threat than all other types of cybercrime. This reflects a primary concern of private sector organizations for the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of their computer systems and data. During information gathering for the Study, private sector organizations highlighted key cybercrime threats and risks, including ‘unauthorized access to and exfiltration of intellectual property’; 27