(d) Analysis of available national legal frameworks indicates insufficient harmonization of ‘core’ cybercrime offences, investigative powers, and admissibility of electronic evidence. International human rights law represents an important external reference point for criminalization and procedural provisions; (e) Law enforcement authorities, prosecutors, and judiciary in developing countries, require longterm, sustainable, comprehensive technical support and assistance for the investigation and combating of cybercrime; (f) Cybercrime prevention activities in all countries require strengthening, through a holistic approach involving further awareness raising, public-private partnerships, and the integration of cybercrime strategies with a broader cybersecurity perspective. Options to strengthen existing and to propose new national and international legal or other responses to cybercrime  Options to strengthen existing and to propose new national and international legal or other responses to cybercrime include:  Development of international model provisions  Development of a multilateral instrument on international cooperation regarding electronic evidence in criminal matters  Development of a comprehensive multilateral instrument on cybercrime  Delivery of enhanced technical assistance for the prevention and combating of cybercrime in developing countries The options presented are informed by responses of countries to a question in the Study questionnaire regarding options that should be considered to strengthen existing and to propose new national and international legal or other responses to cybercrime, as well as by the key findings. In response to this question, countries proposed a range of possibilities. The majority of options suggested related to areas such as: harmonization of laws; accession to existing international or regional cybercrime instruments; the development of new international legal instruments; strengthening mechanisms for international cooperation and obtaining of extraterritorial evidence in practice; and capacity building for law enforcement and criminal justice institutions.1 Many countries highlighted that an expedited mechanism for international cooperation procedures in criminal matters involving cybercrime should be developed. Some countries proposed that this could be through the strengthening of existing informal police-to-police networks. Other countries proposed that this could be achieved by further development of existing formal international cooperation channels, including bilateral and multilateral agreements. Some countries emphasized that all options should be implemented in line with international human rights standards, including rights to freedom of expression and to privacy. 1 Study cybercrime questionnaire. Q11. xii