Ⅲ Part Chapter 1 Japan’s Own Architecture for National Defense Response from Peacetime to Gray Zone Situations................................. 236 Persistent ISR in the Area Surrounding Japan.............................................. 237 Response to Illicit Ship-to-Ship Transfers..................................................... 240 Measures against Violation of Japan’s Sovereignty....................................... 240 Information Gathering Activities for Ensuring the Safety of Japan-related Vessels in the Middle East.... 243 Defense of Japan including its Remote Islands....................................... 247 Defense of Japan’s Remote Islands............................................................. 248 Response to Missile Attacks....................................................................... 250 Response to Attacks by Guerillas, Special Operations Forces and Others....... 255 Readiness against Invasion......................................................................... 257 Initiatives Related to the Protection of Civilians............................................. 260 Responses in the Domains of Space, Cyberspace and Electromagnetic Spectrum.... 261 Responses in Space Domain...................................................................... 261 Response in Cyber Domain......................................................................... 265 Response in Electromagnetic Spectrum Domain.......................................... 269 Response to Large-Scale Disasters, etc. (Including response to COVID-19)........................................................... 272 1 Response to Large-Scale Disasters, etc. (Including response to COVID-19)............................................................... 272 2 Response to Rescue and Transport of Japanese Nationals Overseas, etc....... 276 Section 5 SDF Activities since Enforcement of Legislation for Peace and Security..... 278 1 Promotion of Various Preparations for New Missions Based on the Legislation for Peace and Security..... 278 2  Track Record of Protection of Weapons and Other Equipment of the Units of the U.S. Forces and the Armed Forces of Other Countries (SDF Law Article 95-2)..................................... 278 3 Other Efforts and Activities, etc................................................................... 278 Chapter 2 Japan-U.S. Alliance Section 1 1 2 3 Section 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Section 3 1 2 Section 4 1 2 3 4 5 Outline of the Japan-U.S. Security Arrangements................................... 280 Significance of the Japan-U.S. Security Arrangements................................. 280 Content of the Guidelines for Japan-U.S. Defense Cooperation..................... 282 Policy Consultations between Japan and the United States........................... 287 Strengthening Ability of Japan-U.S. Alliance to Deter and Counter Threats... 291 Cooperation in Space and Cyber Domains................................................... 291 Comprehensive Air and Missile Defense...................................................... 292 Bilateral Training and Exercises................................................................... 293 Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) Activities....................... 293 Maritime Security....................................................................................... 294 Logistics Support....................................................................................... 294 Cooperation in Response to a Large-Scale Disaster in Japan........................ 295 Strengthening and Expanding Cooperation in a Wide Range of Areas.... 296 Creation of a Desirable Security Environment............................................... 296 Initiatives for Leveraging Capabilities........................................................... 296 Steady Implementation of Measures Concerning the U.S. Forces in Japan.... 299 Stationing of the USFJ................................................................................ 299 Progress of the Realignment of the USFJ..................................................... 302 Stationing of the U.S. Forces in Okinawa..................................................... 302 Stationing of the U.S. Forces in Regions Other than Okinawa........................ 319 Initiatives for Smooth Implementation of the Realignment of the USFJ........... 324 Chapter 3 Security Cooperation Section 1 Strategic Promotion of Multi-Faceted and Multi-Layered Defense Cooperation.... 325 1 Significance and Evolution of Security Cooperation and Dialogue, and Defense Cooperation and Exchanges, etc.............................................. 325 2 Promotion of Defense Cooperation and Exchanges....................................... 329 3 Promotion of Multilateral Security Cooperation............................................. 368 4 Proactive and Strategic Initiatives for Capacity Building................................ 374 Section 2 Ensuring Maritime Security..................................................................... 377 1 Initiatives towards Ensuring Maritime Security.............................................. 377 2 Counter-Piracy Operations.......................................................................... 378 3 Training-Centered Initiatives....................................................................... 383 4 Cooperation in Maritime Security................................................................ 384 Section 3 Cooperation in Use of Space Domain and Cyberspace............................ 385 1 Cooperation in Use of Space Domain.......................................................... 385 2 Cooperation in Use of Cyberspace............................................................... 386 Section 4 Initiatives for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation............ 388 1 Initiatives Focused on Treaties Relating to Arms Control, Disarmament, and Non-Proliferation.... 388 2 International Initiatives Aimed at Non-Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction... 389 Section 5 Efforts to Support International Peace Cooperation Activities................. 391 1 Frameworks for International Peace Cooperation Activities............................ 391 2 Initiatives to Support UN PKO, etc................................................................ 392 3 International Disaster Relief Activities.......................................................... 398 Reference https://www.mod.go.jp/en/publ/w_paper/wp2022/DOJ2022_EN_Reference.pdf Ⅳ Part Core Elements Comprising Defense Capability, etc. Three Pillars of Japan’s Defense (Means to Achieve the Objectives of Defense) Section 1 1 2 3 4 Section 2 1 2 3 4 5 Section 3 1 2 3 Section 4 Chapter 1 Measures Relating to Training and Exercises Section 1 1 2 3 Section 2 1 2 Training and Exercise Initiatives.............................................................. 401 Training to Reinforce Japan’s Deterrence and Response Capability............... 401 Training to Reinforce Partnerships in the Indo-Pacific Region............................. 409 Other Training Activities.............................................................................. 414 Establishing the Respective Training Environments................................ 415 Training Environment.................................................................................. 415 Initiatives for Safety Management, etc......................................................... 416 Chapter 2 Reinforcing Human Infrastructure and Intellectual Infrastructure Section 1 1 2 3 Section 2 1 2 Section 3 1 2 3 Reinforcing Human Resource Base......................................................... 417 Recruitment and Employment..................................................................... 417 Daily Education.......................................................................................... 424 Measures Aimed at Ensuring Effective Use of Human Resources................... 426 Further Promotion of Work-Life Balance and Women’s Participation...... 435 Working Style Reform to Promote Work-Life Balance.................................... 435 Reform for Promoting Active Participation of Women.................................... 437 Reinforcing the Intellectual Base............................................................. 441 MOD Initiatives toward Strengthening the Intellectual Base........................... 441 Efforts by the National Institute for Defense Studies..................................... 441 Efforts by Other Institutions......................................................................... 442 Chapter 3 Enhancement of Medical Functions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Enhancing Seamless Medical Care and Evacuation Posture.......................... 443 SDF Hospitals Serving as Hub Hospitals with Enhanced Functions................. 444 Response to COVID-19.............................................................................. 444 Strengthening the Function of the NDMC..................................................... 445 Enhancement of Education for Medical and Nursing Officers........................ 445 Enhancement of Capabilities for Treating War Injuries................................... 446 Improving Preparedness Necessary for International Cooperation.................. 447 Chapter 4 Measures on Defense Equipment and Technology Section 1 1 2 Section 2 1 2 3 4 Section 3 1 2 3 4 Section 4 1 2 3 Section 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Section 6 1 2 3 Reviewing Equipment Structure.............................................................. 448 Initiatives for Construction of Optimized Equipment Structure........................ 448 Initiatives to Make the Most of Limited Human Resources (Manpower Saving and Automation).... 450 Reinforcing Technology Base................................................................... 451 Necessity of Reinforcing Technology Base................................................... 451 Defense Technology Strategy and Related Documents.................................. 452 Initiatives for Research and Development.................................................... 453 Active Utilization of Civilian Technology........................................................ 456 Optimizing Equipment Procurement........................................................ 460 Project Management throughout Equipment Life Cycle................................. 460 Improving the Contract System and Other Related Matters........................... 461 Initiatives Aimed at Increasing the Efficiency of Procurement, and Other Related Initiatives...... 463 Promoting Initiative towards Rationalization of Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Procurement.... 464 Strengthening Defense Industrial Base................................................... 466 Current Situation of Japan’s Defense Industrial Base.................................... 466 The Strategy on Defense Production and Technological Bases...................... 467 Initiatives toward Strengthening of Defense Industrial Base........................... 468 Defense Equipment and Technology Cooperation................................... 471 Three Principles on Transfer of Defense Equipment and Technology.............. 471 Deepening Relationships with the United States regarding Defense Equipment and Technology Cooperation.... 472 Building New Defense Equipment and Technology Cooperation..................... 473 Adapting Defense Equipment for External Use............................................. 478 Participation in International Defense Equipment Exhibitions......................... 479 Public-Private Collaboration for Appropriate Overseas Transfer of Defense Equipment.... 479 Preventing Leakage of Key Technologies for Defense Equipment................... 480 Initiatives for Economic Security............................................................. 481 Basic Concept........................................................................................... 481 Developments within the Japanese Government.......................................... 481 Initiatives of the MOD................................................................................. 482 Chapter 5 Enhancing Intelligence Capabilities 1 2 3 Military Intelligence Collection..................................................................... 483 Initiatives towards Enhancing Intelligence Capabilities.................................. 484 Defense Intelligence Headquarters.............................................................. 485 Chapter 6 Initiatives to Live in Harmony with Regional Society and the Environment Section 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Section 2 1 2 Section 3 1 2 3 Measures to Harmonize with Regional Society and the Environment..... 488 Supporting Civilian Life............................................................................... 489 Cooperation from Local Governments and Other Relevant Organizations for the SDF..... 489 Activities for Securing Understanding and Cooperation of Municipal Governments and Local Residents.... 490 Measures to Promote Harmony between Defense Facilities and Surrounding Areas.... 490 Participation in National Events................................................................... 493 Cooperation for Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games............................ 493 Support for Antarctic Research................................................................... 494 Civil Engineering Consignments from Third Parties....................................... 495 Other Initiatives.......................................................................................... 495 Responding to Environmental Issues...................................................... 497 Efforts Related to the MOD/SDF Facilities.................................................... 497 Efforts on the USFJ Facilities and Areas....................................................... 499 Public Relations Activities, Public Records and Archives Management, Information Disclosure, and Related Activities.... 500 Various Public Relations Activities............................................................... 500 Initiatives for Public Document Management and Information Disclosure....... 502 Initiatives for Policy Evaluation.................................................................... 502 ■ Index……………………………………………………………………… 505