iii. iv. v. vi. Work with Member States on the harmonization of the Cybercrime Laws at regional and continental level and strengthen law enforcement cooperation both at regional and continental levels; Design a model for cybersecurity capacity building which takes in consideration all aspects (policy, technology, skills development…) and can be easily adapted to Member State’s needs; Support inter-governmental organizations and private companies to achieve norms and standards for exchanging of information during the investigation and prosecution of transnational cybercrimes; Encourage AU Member States in developing cyber diplomacy capabilities and Participating in discussions carried out at international level such the UN Group of Governmental Experts. IV: Conclusions and Recommendations: 47. The expanding use of Information Communication Technologies and the increasing access to internet for delivery of services like e-government, banking, healthcare or education has inevitably resulted in the emergence of risks related to Cyber-attacks, which occur rapidly and spread across the globe in minutes regardless of borders, geography, or national jurisdictions and Africa accounts for 10% of the global cyber incidents. 48. Cybercrime cannot be defeated by any law or convention alone, it has become clear that the collaboration of all stakeholders in the governance and operation of the Internet is required to protect the security and privacy of the Internet users. A secure and safe digital environment is a shared and collective responsibility within the continent and it is a necessary condition for reaping the benefits of the digital transformation of Africa and supporting its positive impact on human and economic development. Recommendations: 49. At national level : a) Accelerate the ratification and implementation of the AU Convention on Cybersecurity and personal data protection; (1). b) Develop a National Strategy on Cybersecurity and an operational action plan for combating cybercrime and cyber terrorism; c) Draft or review the cyber legislation to criminalize the offences related to the illicit use of ICTs;(1) d) Create national Computer Emergency Readiness Teams (CERTs) for monitoring networks and exchanging best practices on their effective utilization and collaboration; (1) e) Develop legal and institutional frameworks for personal data protection and establish the national protection authority; Page 9 of 10