Section 4. NATIONAL CYBERSPACE: CHALLENGES AND CYBER THREATS CHALLENGES Accelerated development and interpenetration of information technologies, along with powerful socially significant benefits, is accompanied by the scaling of cyber threats to all spheres of life, their evolution towards high-tech solutions and diversification of implementation tools. Ukraine has the necessary potential to build cybersecurity capabilities to adequately address today's challenges and threats. Challenges for Ukraine in the field of cybersecurity are: ● active use of cyber tools in international competition for world leadership, competitive nature of cybersecurity development and implementation of cyber threats in the process of rapid progressive changes in information and communication technologies, cloud computing, 5G networks, big data, Internet of Things, machine learning / artificial intelligence (AI), etc. ; ● the militarization of cyberspace and the growing technological capabilities of cyber weapons, which make it possible to carry out covert enemy cyberattacks and cyber operations, remote control of control systems, damage and destruction of critical information infrastructure; ● increasing the technological level of illegal encroachments on the interests of the state, society and individuals using the methods of social engineering, the use of artificial intelligence technologies and cryptotechnologies; ● impact on economic activity and social behavior of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to the rapid transformation and organization of a significant segment of public relations remotely with the widespread use of electronic services and information and communication systems. This has exacerbated the threat of violations of citizens' rights when using cyberspace. Digital transformation, which is one of the priorities of Ukraine's development, creates new challenges in the field of cybersecurity. The introduction of new technologies, digital services and mechanisms of interaction between citizens and the state, including the electoral process, creates a large number of hidden relationships at the level of technologies and processes. Without a systematic approach to cybersecurity and risk assessment, there is a possibility to lose public confidence in the processes of digital transformation. THREATS Current global trends in the development of the cybersecurity environment, challenges for the country, internal processes and phenomena have formed such threats to Ukraine's cybersecurity. Since 2014, Russia has been actively using cyberspace in hybrid aggression against Ukraine by exerting destructive influence on public authorities, defense and weapons control systems of the defense forces, as well as on critical infrastructure. The aggressor state is