● non-compliance with modern requirements for the level of training and advanced training of specialists in cyber security and cyber defense, in particular ineffective mechanisms to encourage them to work in the public sector; ● lack of legislation on critical infrastructure of Ukraine and its protection, which significantly complicates the formation of a system of cyber protection of such infrastructure; ● incomplete measures to implement the organizational and technical model of cybersecurity, which will meet modern threats, challenges in cyberspace and global trends in the cybersecurity industry; ● lack of a system to increase digital literacy of citizens and a culture of safe behavior in cyberspace, raising public awareness of cyber threats and cyber defense.