Publications of the Prime Minister’s Office 2024:13 Society must prepare for the emergence of new and disruptive technologies Finland is seeking to be a leader in boldly implementing emerging and disruptive technologies in support of ensuring cybersecurity. Large-scale application of the technologies to be implemented requires such technologies and software to be designed for security from the outset and regularly serviced for security throughout their life cycle. This principle of integrated security should be considered when drafting all national technology statutes and when lobbying the EU. Standardisation and certification are aspects of new EU cybersecurity legislation. It is in Finland’s interest to participate actively in developing and deploying cybersecurity standards and certification systems. It is also important to seize the business opportunities afforded by this field. Emerging and disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence and quantum technology, and new mobile network generations will introduce new cybersecurity threats that have yet to become wholly evident. The combined impacts of these technologies are also extremely hard to forecast. Addressing these challenges will call for in-depth and diverse technological competence, coupled with continual monitoring and assessment of changes taking place in society. For example, preparations should now be made for the impacts of developing quantum technology. Promoting business competitiveness in the cybersecurity sector International cooperation and funding opportunities available from the EU and NATO are applied when planning RDI investments in cybersecurity, with special attention paid to the processes, resources and proactive cooperation that these opportunities require. Participating in international funding programmes (such as the NATO innovation initiative DIANA, the EU Horizon Europe and Digital Europe (DEP) framework programmes, or the European Defence Fund programmes) improves the profile of Finland as a specialist in high technology and cybersecurity, improving national and international commercial opportunities for Finnish businesses. It is important for Finland to actively influence the content of these programmes at their planning stage. Cooperation and funding opportunities provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) may also be taken to accommodate cybersecurity in the rapid development of space technology. The objective is for Finland to be capable of delivering globally competitive, growth-driving technological solutions for the cybersecurity sector. The Finnish RDI environment should encourage and support the development and application of solutions that strengthen cybersecurity, and the international competitiveness of 25