c) Non-Radio Frequency Spectrum Based Alternatives:Where appropriate, the availability of non-spectrum based alternatives to spectrum-based services will be assessed, and the use of alternative non-spectrum technologies will be encouraged. d) Market Principles:With the increasing and competing demands for spectrum, market principles may, in appropriate cases, be applied to promote effective use of the radio frequency spectrum, however the Government will ensure that spectrum fees does not become a burden to operators. e) Radio Communications Standards:Radio communication standards will be developed by POTRAZ in consultation with relevant stakeholders, in conformity with the applicable international standards developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Users of the spectrum will be required to implement the technical and operational standards in order to mitigate harmful interferences and as a measure for ensuring that access and utilisation of the spectrum is maximised. f) Migration of Services:Radio frequency spectrum assignment/allocation neither confers ownership nor a continued right to a particular radio frequency. POTRAZ will notify users of any conditions or circumstances, which could result in migration of services to other radio frequencies. g) Public Consultation:Appropriate mechanisms will be put in place to allow stakeholders to provide inputs to ensure that the radio frequency spectrum management process is more responsive to technological advances and user demands. h) Promotion of Efficient Technologies:Use of spectrum efficient technologies and techniques will be required. The national frequency spectrum policy and management will be reviewed as required from time to time. i) Exemption from Licensing:Government security agencies and other institutions that use spectrum to provide strategic public services may be exempt from paying frequency fees; and/or license fees. 10.8 Policy Statement: e-Waste Management The Government of Zimbabwe has identified electrical and electronic equipment waste as an area of increasing concern in the country. The rapid acquisition of mobile devices experienced across Zimbabwe; and added to this phenomenon, the relentless advances in upgrades have resulted in the generation of e-waste. E-waste poses a threat to the environment if not properly collected, segregated and treated. The volume of e-waste grows rapidly every year and is also 28