d) Fragmented institutional arrangements:The convergence of technology platforms has resulted in multiple services which used to be offered over Separate platforms being availed on a single platform/network. This has rendered it unnecessary to have multiple institutions overseeing the development of electronic communications in any given country. e) Inadequate investment capital: The high perceived country risk has resulted in higher lending rates for foreign borrowings.  The liquidity crunch currently bedevilling the country has made it almost impossible to secure long term domestic funding for ICT projects. Where available the interest rates charged are exorbitant. This has adversely affected infrastructure development and growth of the ICT sector in Zimbabwe. f) Absence of Cybersecurity Framework:There is no Cybersecurity framework in place. Cybersecurity is the collection of tools, policies, security concepts, security safeguards, guidelines, risk management approaches, actions, training, best practices, assurance and technologies that can be used to protect the cyber environment and related assets. Such assets include connected computing devices, personnel, infrastructure, applications, services, telecommunications systems, and the totality of transmitted and/or stored information in the cyber environment. Cybersecurity strives to ensure the attainment and maintenance of the security properties of the country’s assets against relevant security risks in the cyber environment. The overall security objective is to ensure the availability, integrity and confidentiality of data in cyberspace. g) Low digital literacy level:The education curriculum does not include ICT, therefore the level of digital literacy at grassroots level is very low to stimulate service uptake and usage, especially in rural areas. h) An outdated, service specific, licensing regime which is not in line with technological developments:The existing, service specific, licencing framework is restrictive in nature as it does not allow operators to take full advantage of the possible economies of scope and scale that are exploitable under a converged licencing framework that may enhance the Information Society. i) j) Limited local ICT innovation, research and development (R&D) and entrepreneurship:There is no framework for R&D to stimulate innovation and harness the potential of ICTs in promoting entrepreneurship. Absence of an internet governance framework to deal with the management of national and international internet traffic:15