the instruments of international cooperation, Switzerland supports these countries in their rapprochement to European standards, and is involved in EU efforts to promote peace and security. It supplements these with its own initiatives, e.g. in the EU-facilitated talks between Belgrade and Pristina. The focus is on the following priorities: 1. Peace and security: Switzerland supports the countries in the region in achieving an autonomous transition. Switzerland plays a stabilising role in the conflict contexts that dominate the daily operations of the Council of Europe and the OSCE. By engaging in intensive dialogue with key actors and by seconding staff, it supports the functioning of both organisations and strengthens their capacity to act, e.g. the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine. Its participation in the NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) programme also helps achieve stability in the region. Switzerland takes part in peacekeeping operations conducted by the UN, the OSCE, the EU and NATO (KFOR in Kosovo). 2. Prosperity: Through its long-standing commitment and presence, and a large diaspora from the region, Switzerland uses political opportunities to intensify its economic cooperation. One of its main aims here is to promote good governance. It also maintains a special relationship bilaterally with the countries of Central Asia as the head of their voting constituency in the Bretton Woods Institutions. 3. Sustainability: In the complex field of transboundary water management in Central Asia, Switzerland promotes an integrated, regional approach. It supports the countries of Central Asia, Eastern Europe, the South Caucasus and the Western Balkans in sustainably managing resources and in mitigating climate change and adapting to its effects. 4. Digital governance: Through its work in the OSCE and the Council of Europe, Switzerland contributes to the promotion of European values and legal order in new topics such as artificial intelligence and cyber security, as well as to increased security in Europe. Priority country Russia: On account of its historical affiliation with Europe and its geopolitical aspirations, Russia is an important and challenging partner country for Switzerland. Tensions between Russia and the West, human rights issues and Russia’s activities in the area of security have a very direct impact on Switzerland’s interests. Except in cases of violations of human rights and international law, Switzerland assumes a mediating role. In a wide-ranging dialogue based on a Memorandum of Understanding dating back to 2007, it openly addresses all issues and takes measures where necessary, particularly in the areas of espionage and cyber security. The tensions between Russia and the West are accentuating conflicts in the region. Through its good offices, Switzerland helps minimise the consequences of these conflicts for those affected, identify solutions and establish trust. There are also opportunities in the fields of research, education and culture. Companies that have overcome the barriers to entry in the Russian market, and thus in the Eurasian Economic Union, can reach up to 180 million consumers. Priority country Turkey: Turkey is a significant regional power and on account of its strategic location has a pivotal function that extends across the Balkans, the Middle East, Central Asia and North Africa. Switzerland has a fundamental interest in consolidating Turkey’s ties to the West and its associated values. In its cooperation with Turkey, Switzerland’s priorities are security, migration and economic affairs. The situation in Turkey is characterised by declining respect for human rights and the rule of law. In addition, Turkey is involved in an internal conflict (the Kurdish issue), military operations in the region, and tensions in the Eastern Mediterranean (most notably the question of Cyprus). As a result, the economic situation has deteriorated and society has become more polarised. Nevertheless, we can assume that Turkey is set to cement its status as a regional power. The country has also become the main destination for refugees and continues to be a migration hub. Its role in the fight against terrorism from the Middle East remains important for Europe. Considering Switzerland’s interests, it is vital to maintain intensive, critical and constructive dialogue with the Turkish government bilaterally, within the Council of Europe and in the OSCE. Geographical level 25