F) Establishing strong partnerships at the technical level: The Cyber Centre has strong partnerships with other organizations in the Government of Canada, the private sector and internationally. Within the Government of Canada, the Cyber Centre provides cyber security expertise to support lead agencies in the delivery of their core functions, including collaborating with the RCMP to address cybercrime. The Cyber Centre has also established partnerships at the technical level with Canada’s critical infrastructure owners and operators in order to share enhanced cyber threat information, as well as to promote the integration of cyber defence technology. Finally, the Cyber Centre works closely with foreign counterparts and other national Computer Incident Response Teams (CIRTs) and Computer Emergency Response Teams (CERTs). G) Canada’s work with regional organizations on cyber CBMs also helps build partnerships at the technical level. For example, Canada has participated in several OSCE exercises that used the “points of contact” CBM to share information among participating States’ points of contact (at both the technical and policy level) during simulated cyber crises. These contacts could be used to defuse real crises by allowing CERTS, Interior and Foreign Ministries and relevant technical points of contact to communicate rapidly during a real cyber incident. Norm 5 – States, in ensuring the secure use of ICTs, should respect Human Rights Council resolutions A/HRC/RES/20/8 and A/HRC/RES/26/13 (The promotion, protection and enjoyment of human rights on the Internet), as well as General Assembly resolutions A/RES/68/167 and A/RES 69/166 (The right to privacy in the digital age), to guarantee full respect for human rights, including the right to freedom of expression; A) Canada’s position on human rights and privacy online: Canada believes that addressing the security of ICTs must go hand-in-hand with respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The same rights that people have offline must also be protected online, including freedom of expression and privacy rights. All States must respect their international human rights obligations in cyberspace. They should also apply the human rights commitments they made at the Human Rights Council and the General Assembly. B) The protection of human rights in Canada is founded on a system of representative and responsible government, constitutional guarantees, statute law, including specialised human rights legislation, the common law and an independent judiciary. The legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, at all levels of government in Canada, share responsibility for the protection of human rights. Relevant legislation is enacted by Parliament and the provincial and territorial legislatures. Numerous departments and agencies work within the executive branch to formulate policies and programs and take into account Canada’s human rights obligations in their work. Canada has adhered to UN human rights treaties and Optional Protocols including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). The Constitution of Canada includes the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which guarantees the fundamental freedoms of conscience and religion, of thought, belief, opinion, and expression (including freedom of the press and other media), of peaceful assembly, and of association; democratic rights; mobility rights; the right to life, liberty, and security of the person, and the right not be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principles of fundamental justice; various rights relating to the legal process, including the right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure; the right to equality before and under the law and the right to the equal benefit and protection of the law without discrimination; recognition of French and English as the two official languages of Canada; and minority-language educational rights. All governments in Canada have adopted legislation prohibiting discrimination on various grounds, by government and by private sector actors, regarding employment matters, the provision of goods, services, and facilities customarily available to the public, and accommodation. Statutes on freedom of information and privacy exist at both the provincial/territorial and federal level to help protect individuals’ right to privacy (visà-vis both public via the Privacy Act - and private-sector entities - via the Personal Information Protection and