• A reference could also be included to underline the importance that the different UN bodies and fora do not work in silos in order to avoid any duplication of efforts or overstepping mandates, thus ensuring a system-wide coherence. • The concept of economic and social advancement/development throughout the document can be replaced with the widely-accepted concept of sustainable development. • The concept of civilian applications could best reflect a technology-neutral approach, by making reference instead to “peaceful applications”. Existing and potential threats • The list of existing and emerging threats should also include the issues of hate speech and intrusive software, which were widely highlighted by Member States and stakeholders alike. • Notions of multilateral fora and cooperative efforts could be best exemplified with the role and efforts already undertaken by regional organizations. International law • Taking into account that different UN Charter principles are mentioned with distinct emphasis by Member States, it would be preferable to make a general reference to all principles. Likewise, the specific mention to the UNSC and the ICJ could be encompassed in a broader mention to “all relevant UN organs and fora” as others were mentioned during the deliberations. Furthermore, issues of attribution should be set in a separate paragraph, as this topic goes beyond Charter principles. • Further clarification from the OEWG Chair would be appreciated in terms of the authorship and scope of the guidance notes. Rules, norms and principles of responsible State behavior • An important number of Member States and stakeholders supported the idea of a UN followup mechanism regarding Member States’ level of implementation of the voluntary norms as endorsed by the UN General Assembly. • Deliberations shed light on the varying degrees of implementation of the norms by Member States. Especially developing countries highlighted that more guidance is needed on actual implementation, as well as its linkage with capacity-building efforts. 2