Workbook Glossary being of Canadians and the effective functioning of government. App/Application An application, especially as downloaded by a user to a mobile Critical infrastructure can be stand-alone or interconnected and interdependent within and across provinces, territories device (for example, fitness tracking app). and national borders. Disruptions of critical infrastructure could Artificial Intelligence result in catastrophic loss of life, adverse economic effects and The subfield of computer science concerned with developing significant harm to public confidence. intelligent computer programs that can solve problems, learn from experience, understand language, interpret visual scenes, Cyber Attack and, in general, behave in a way that would be considered An attack that involves the unauthorized use, manipulation, intelligent if observed in a human. interruption or destruction of, or access to, via electronic means, electronic information or the electronic devices or computer Blockchain A blockchain is a write-only database dispersed over a network of interconnected computers that uses cryptography (the systems and networks used to process, transmit or store that information. computerized encoding and decoding of information) to create a Cyber Incident tamperproof public record of transactions. Blockchain technology Any unauthorized attempt, whether successful or not, to gain is transparent, secure and decentralised, meaning no central access to, modify, destroy, delete or render unavailable any actor can alter the public record. computer network or system resource. Cyber Security Cloud Computing The ability to access all required software, data and resources via a computer network instead of the traditional model where these are stored locally on a user’s computer. The protection of digital information, as well as the integrity of the infrastructure housing and transmitting digital information. More specifically, cyber security includes the body of technologies, processes, practices and response and mitigation Critical Infrastructure measures designed to protect networks, computers, programs Processes, systems, facilities, technologies, networks, assets and and data from attack, damage or unauthorized access so as to services essential to the health, safety, security or economic well- ensure confidentiality, integrity and availability. 33 of 35 • NATIONAL CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY