Malicious Software/Malware Ransomware Malicious software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer Software that denies you access to your files until you pay a system, without the owner’s consent. Common forms of malware ransom. include computer viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, and adware. Smart Cities Quantum Computing Smart cities use digital technologies to enhance quality of life by A quantum computer can process a vast number of calculations making services more efficient, cost-effective, and responsive for simultaneously. Whereas a classical computer works with urban residents. ones and zeros, a quantum computer will have the advantage of using ones, zeros and “superpositions” of ones and zeros. Certain difficult tasks that have long been thought impossible for classical computers will be achieved quickly and efficiently by a quantum computer. Spear Phishing, Phishing The use of fraudulent emails to persuade people within an organization to reveal their usernames or passwords. Unlike phishing, which involves mass mailing, spear phishing is smallscale and well targeted. 35 of 35 • NATIONAL CYBER SECURITY STRATEGY