Part Ⅰ Security Environment Surrounding Japan Part Ⅰ Overview Chapter 1 Current Trends in Security Environment ● Uncertainty over the existing order is increasing, and inter-state competition is becoming prominent across the political, economic and military realms. ● Complex measures required due to “hybrid warfare” ● Prolonged gray-zone situations ● Technological progress exerting significant influence on security ● Importance of domains of space, cyberspace, and electromagnetic spectrum ● Game-changing technologies that could drastically change the conduct of future warfare (artificial intelligence (AI), hypersonic, and high-power energy technologies, etc.) ● Emergence of security challenges, which cannot be dealt with by a single country alone ● Need to secure stable use of new domains: space and cyberspace; need to ensure security of maritime traffic; response to proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs); and response to international terrorism ● It is necessary to keep an eye on the COVID-19 infection, which is bringing about diverse impacts and restrictions to military activities of respective countries. Security Environment Surrounding Japan ● Military powers with high quality and quantity are concentrated in Japan’s surroundings, where clear trends such as further military buildup and an increase in military activities are observed. ● A regional cooperation framework in the security realm has not been sufficiently institutionalized in the Indo-Pacific region and longstanding issues of territorial rights and reunification continue to remain. ● Recent years have seen a continued tendency towards the prolongation of “gray zone” situations that are associated with territories, sovereignty and economic interests, and such situations may increase and expand in the future. Regional Security Environment surrounding Japan etc. 1,470 205 689 33 3,020 8 68 250 Russia United Kingdom 6 20 240 370 11 40 98 10 23 260 Italy 11 124 13 2 197 370 Israel 15 890 Iran China 48 380 14 50 North Korea 46 50 340 67 550 Germany France 3,560 110 620 Japan Territorial disputes over the Northern Territories United States 26 ROK India Active advancements to the Sea of Japan by China Legend Ground forces Maritime Forces Combat aircraft 170 3 21 Australia (10,000 troops) (10,000 tons) Territorial disputes Issues concerning the over Takeshima Island Korean Peninsula (aircraft) Large-scale military capabilities are concentrated surrounding Japan. China’s attempt to change the status quo in the East China Sea / Rapid expansion and increase of military activities Issues concerning Taiwan Issues concerning the South China Sea 15 DEFENSE OF JAPAN 2020 Active advancements to the Pacific Ocean by China