engineering, and robotization will have major security implications. Therefore, efforts to design an effective system of governance for these emerging technologies will be key for national security. Climate change is also a key piece of the security picture, with major short- and long-term political, economic, and social implications. Factors related to climate change, together with the degradation of water resources, have an undeniable security component. The conservation and improvement of biodiversity and the natural heritage also pose a major security challenge, given that the loss of natural resources could entail significant population displacements. The international environment is therefore more unstable, characterized by fastmoving changes, strategic clashes, and the proliferation of crises. Spain and the main organizations to which it belongs face a fundamental challenge: understanding the root causes of these changes, anticipating their consequences, and managing uncertainty by creating dynamic and flexible structures. Presidency of the Government National Security Strategy 2017 35