The fourth line of effort addresses the responsible global development and deployment of 5G technology. A key component of this line of effort is diplomatic outreach and engagement to advocate for the adoption and implementation of 5G security measures that prohibit the use of untrusted vendors in all parts of 5G networks. A related component involves the provision of technical assistance to mutual defense treaty allies and strategic partners of the United States to maximize the security of their 5G and future generations of wireless communications systems and infrastructure. The goal of providing financing support and technical assistance is to help enable countries and private companies to develop secure and trusted next generation networks that are free of untrusted vendors and that increase global connectivity. A key part of 5G deployment involves international standards development, thus the implementation plan outlines several steps in support of the goal of strengthening and expanding United States leadership in international standards bodies and voluntary consensus-based standards organizations, including strengthening coordination with and among the private sector. This line of effort will also include collaboration with allies and partners with regard to testing programs to ensure secure 5G and future wireless communications systems and infrastructure equipment, including spectrum-related testing. To successfully execute this work, continued close coordination between the United States Government, private sector, academic, and international government partners is required to ensure adoption of policies, standards, guidelines, and procurement strategies that reinforce 5G vendor diversity and foster market competition. The overarching goals of this line of effort are to promote United States-led or linked technology solutions in the global market; remove and reduce regulatory and trade barriers that harm United States competitiveness; provide support for trusted vendors; and advocate for policies and laws that promote open, competitive markets for United States technology companies. This will also be supported through close collaboration with partners on options to advance the development and deployment of open interfaced, standards-based, and interoperable 5G networks. 5