3068 7th August, 2020 THE KENYA GAZETTE of a particular asset is high, and the asset is not fully utilised all the 6. Policy Focus Areas Sitting in hundreds of capital assets. them, is the companies. The Kenya National ICT Policy outlines the policy of the Government of Kenya in relation to the design, development, acquisition, deployment, operation, support and evolution of public and private ICTS. It defines the current and forward looking position of the government on various areas of the evolving and emerging technology landscape in Kenya. time. , any large parking lot are dozens of cars, which represent millions of shillings of non-performing depreciating Putting those assets to use, when the owner is not using basic operating model of ride-sharing and online taxi Communities of years, but the owners and those sort of lending is market. of people have shared the use of assets for thousands advent of the Internet has made it easier for asset seeking to use those assets to find each other. This sometimes referred to as a peer-to-peer (P2P) rental Sharing economies allow individuals and groups to make money from underused assets. In this way, physical assets are shared as services. For example, a car owner may allow someone to rent out their vehicle while they are not using it, or a homeowner may rent out their home while they are on vacation. The Gig Economy: The gig economy is a labour market characterised by the prevalence of short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs. In order to be successful in the gig economy, each individual needs to manage their time and finances as if they were a one-man company. The mobility of white-collar work, the emergence of freelancing platforms and the drive for operational efficiency have transformed the nature of work. The fastest job growth globally is in “nonemployee” firm’s i.e. self-employed, short term contract (measured in hours), remote and telecommuting workers. These participants in what is called the gig-economy, where people eschew formal salaried employment for freelancing work are a growing and significant proportion of the workforce. Adaptive Security Architecture: The complexities of digital business and the algorithmic economy, combined with an emerging “hacker industry,” significantly increase the threat surface for our nation. We need to develop the capacity to detect and respond to threats, secure our communications and data, protect our people and infrastructure, and develop resilience in the face of disaster. Mass Personalisation and Personalised Manufacturing: The widespread availability of experience individuation by such services as Facebook and Google has created an expectation of personalised custom public service delivery. Cost effective small-run manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing have transformed marketplace dynamics making a marketplace of one economically feasible. This evolution in the calculus of economies of scale will have a significant impact on Kenyan industry. 5.5 Challenges There are significant challenges to be overcome in achieving the goals of this policy in the short term. Some of these challenges, addressed in this policy, include: 1. Unequal investment and under-served areas within Kenya access to ICTs in un-served and 2. The under-utilisation of ICTs in the provision of government services and the underdevelopment of opportunities for economic growth and job creation 3. Cultural and attitudinal resistance ICT-based services and offerings 4. to the implementation of Cybercrime and cyber-security vulnerabilities 5. Inadequate policies, legal and institutional frameworks at the national and devolved county levels of government 6. A dearth of competent and skilled human capacity due to inadequately and inappropriately equipped universities and tertiary institutions 7. An underdeveloped innovation ecosystem that hinders development and growth of Kenyan corporations and industry the 8. Structural and legal inadequacies that hinder the development and evolution of online transactions, such as a National Addressing System (NAS) 6.1 Mobile First 6.1.1 Background The Government recognises that to become and remain globally competitive in the emerging order, it is necessary to invest in and provide the conditions for always-on, high speed, wireless data connectivity for every citizen, everywhere in Kenya. In order to support this goal it is necessary that there be a robust, capable backbone to back haul traffic, and that the conditions in the marketplace are conducive to the provision of competitively priced, affordable last-mile connectivity for every citizen. This policy outlines the conditions required for the private sector led provision of services, and provides for the regulation and incentives for affordable highspeed wireless access across the length and breadth of Kenya. To balance the principle of open access with the need to provide commercial incentives that foster investment, the Communications Authority (CA) will license county-based service providers to offer last mile access solutions and provide equitable and affordable access to NOFBI for such licensed providers. 6.1.2 ICT Infrastructure and Access The Constitution of Kenya establishes a devolved system of government and provides inter alia that broadcasting, postal and telecommunications services shall be the mandate of the national government. In fulfilment of this mandate the national government has invested and continues to invest in a National Optic Fibre Backbone Infrastructure (NOFBI). Counties are encouraged to provide ICT infrastructure and skills development as will permit them to take advantage of this national ICT policy. The national government will provide such technical and knowledge support as the counties may require to give regional effect to this policy. This policy mandates the deployment of the following services and systems: Infrastructure Sharing: Infrastructure development and deployment is a capital-intensive undertaking and should be managed on a prudential basis nationally. The government will continue, as it has, to invest in common, publicly available high capital undertakings such as a national data transport backbone, central and regional data centres, and carefully managed shared radio frequencies. The Communications Authority will oversee access, license operators, and regulate and price commercial access to infrastructure built with public funds. All infrastructure built with public funds will be available for use by Kenyan private and commercial operators on fair, affordable and equitable terms without prejudice to their size, location or composition. A legal framework will be developed to provide for a fair use policy, by which privately established infrastructure may on fair commercial terms be made available by one operator to others. The Communications Authority will ensure that the arrangements between operators and service providers provide national resilience to disasters, equitable access to naturally limited resources and sites, and that collocation of services and equipment is encouraged, while ensuring optimal service reliability, redundancy, carrier and net neutrality, and the security of data both at rest and in transit. To this end: 1. The National Government will develop a National Integrated Infrastructure plan. Each County Government will also develop a County Integrated Infrastructure Plan. These integrated plans will be designed to facilitate rational, cost-effective, sustainable and easily maintained ICT infrastructure by multiple stakeholders 2. The National Government will develop a central publicly available registry of the ICT infrastructure and resources of government agencies, operators, utility companies and infrastructure building companies to which reference may be made to prevent unnecessary duplication and waste of scarce ICT resources. Regulations will be promulgated to ensure that regular and accurate reports are made by government agencies, licensees and utility companies.