4. Commit to work towards the development and convergence of approaches for internet-connected devices and associated services, in order to promote user security by default. 5. Encourage investment in cybersecurity and cyber hygiene skills, and to develop skills in the workforce, particularly for women and girls, and public awareness to help the public adopt secure online behaviours and protect themselves from cybercrime. 6. Recognise the potential for sharing of information across the Commonwealth for improving cooperation between government, law enforcement and industry, with due regard for necessary and proportionate safeguards. 7. Commit to exploring options to deepen cooperation on cybersecurity incidents and responses between Commonwealth member countries, including through the sharing of information about threats, breaches, vulnerabilities, and mitigation measures. 8. Note with concern the challenges faced by Commonwealth developing member countries, particularly less developed countries and small island developing states. Commit to invest in cybersecurity capacity building, including through the transfer of knowledge and technology on mutually agreed terms, the development of skills and training, the promotion of education and research, awareness raising, and access to good practice. Promote stability in cyberspace through international cooperation Recognising the importance of international cooperation in tackling cybercrime and promoting stability in cyberspace, we: 1. Commit to the establishment of effective and proportionate domestic cybercrime and cybersecurity frameworks that take into account principles in existing international instruments, acknowledging the evolving tactics of cybercriminals and the transnational nature of cybercrime. Commit to use national contact points and other practical measures to enable cross-border access to digital evidence through mutually agreed channels to improve international cooperation to tackle cybercrime. 2. Commit to work towards common standards, harmonised legal approaches and improved interoperability, including through the use of Commonwealth model laws; and commit to considering the potential for further Commonwealth cooperation in this regard, including the possible coordination of common positions in international fora. 3. Commit to promote frameworks for cyberspace, including the applicability of international law, agreed voluntary norms of responsible state behaviour, and the development and implementation of confidence building measures to encourage trust, cooperation and transparency, consistent with the 2015 Report of the United Nations Group of Governmental Experts on Developments in the 3