“Unbundled Local Loop”: the physical connection from the Subscriber’s premises to the Public Telecommunications Operator’s Local Exchange, excluding switching or ports, purchased by a Licensed Operator from another Licensed Operator. “Universal Service”: the basic public telephone services described in Article 64(c) of this Law of specified quality and at suitable prices (as determined by the Authority) which are available to all Users independent of their geographical location. “User” any Person using or requesting publicly available Telecommunications services. “Video on Demand”: a Telecommunications service that enables a Subscriber to watch video content by using a Telecommunications Network whenever such Subscriber requests such service from the provider of that service. CHAPTER 2 THE AUTHORITY ARTICLE 2 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE AUTHORITY (a) A public authority called the “Telecommunications Regulatory Authority,” is hereby established. (b) The Authority shall be a financially and administratively independent juridical entity that shall assume the regulation of Telecommunications services in the Kingdom in accordance with the provisions of this Law. For such purpose, it shall have the right to: (c) 1 exercise all powers given to it under this Law to carry out its duties hereunder. 2 own movable and immovable property. 3 enter into contracts and to take all legal actions, including the right to enter into legal proceedings and to defend any claim against the Authority, and to resort to arbitration or similar legal proceedings. The Authority shall have all the advantages exercised by the ministries, governmental entities, and official public sector organisations in the Kingdom. ARTICLE 3 DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE AUTHORITY (a) The Authority shall carry out its duties and exercise its powers efficiently, effectively, regularly, reasonably and in a non-discriminatory and transparent manner. -10Translation dated 12 April 2009 This is an unofficial translation of the Law. It is provided for information purposes only. Reliance may only be placed upon the official Arabic version of the Law published in the Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Bahrain. Any comments on this translation will be gratefully received by the Authority. Please email any comments to: contact@tra.org.bh