• Promote Internet Infrastructure Resilience through Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) • National governments should promote the use of IXPs, and greater cooperation and connectivity between different African networks to increase the resilience of Internet infrastructure. • Use Public Institutions to Lead by Example in Cyber Security • Governments should adopt and follow cyber security best practices within their own infrastructure and institutions, promoting their use to other stakeholders and sectors. ISP/Operator Level • Establish Baseline Security • Network operators and service providers should implement essential routing and Domain Name System security measures, network security and other essential security practices to produce a visible and positive change in the African Internet infrastructure security landscape. • Establish and Maintain Cooperation and Collaboration • Network operators and service providers should establish and maintain cooperation and collaboration as an essential component of security solutions. Organizational Level • Organizations should implement current best practices and strive to develop a culture of cyber security at all levels of the organization. internetsociety.org Internet Infrastructure Security Guidelines for Africa 5