Although the emphasis in the Guidelines is on Internet infrastructure security, it is difficult to differentiate these issues from more general Internet or network security issues. Therefore, some aspects of general network security are also covered in this document or addressed in the annex.6 The Guidelines aim to provide recommendations and promote principles and solutions to ensure that African Internet infrastructure security meets the requirements of users at large, and that all stakeholders have clear guidelines for achieving what is expected of them. By ensuring increased security and resiliency, the recommendations will help increase confidence in, and use of, the Internet by the African community. While the recommendations do not cover every issue in Internet infrastructure security, they are an important first step towards a resilient, safe and secure African Internet infrastructure. 1.1 Methodology The methodology employed in developing the Guidelines included a literature review, and a process for gathering input from experts from inside and outside Africa. The literature review utilized several different sources including recommendations and best practices published by major Internet-related institutions, organizations, and companies. These included the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), ISOC, the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Valuable input was obtained in an expert panel discussion on Internet infrastructure security conducted as part of the Africa Internet Summit (AIS) held in Gaborone, Botswana, from 29 May to 10 June 2016. Selected professionals in the Internet infrastructure field were also interviewed. Finally, draft guidelines were presented at an experts’ meeting in Nairobi from 28 to 29 November 2016. During the meeting, comments were collected from participants to improve the final version of this document. 6 8 See Annex II: Basic Security Principles Internet Infrastructure Security Guidelines for Africa internetsociety.org