12 Overview Of Existing Confidence Building Measures As Applied To Cyberspace Global Forum on Cyber Expertise Global Forum on Cyber Expertise Overview Of Existing Confidence Building Measures As Applied To Cyberspace The 16 voluntary CBMs can be broadly categorised in three clusters: • Posturing CBMs, which allow States to “read” another State’s posturing in cyberspace in order to make cyberspace more predictable; • Communication CBMs, which offer opportunities for timely communication and co-operation, including to defuse potential tensions; and • Preparedness CBMs, which promote national preparedness and due diligence to address cyber/ICT challenges”. Participating States are encouraged to have in place modern and effective national legislation to facilitate on a voluntary basis bilateral co-operation and effective, time-sensitive information exchange between competent 2013 authorities, including law enforcement agencies, of the participating States in Preparedness order to counter terrorist or criminal use of ICTs. The OSCE participating States agree that the OSCE shall not duplicate the efforts of existing law enforcement channels. Participating States will voluntarily share information on their national Confidence Building Measures at the OSCE 2013 Year Measure Category aspects of national and transnational threats to and in the use of ICTs. The operation between the public and the private sector; relevant to the security Posturing of and in the use of ICTs; the extent to be determined by the providing parties. Participating States will nominate a contact point to facilitate pertinent Participating States will voluntarily provide their national views on various 2013 organization; strategies; policies and programmes – including on co- communications and dialogue on security of and in the use of ICTs. Posturing Participating States will voluntarily provide contact data of existing official extent of such information will be determined by the providing Parties. national structures that manage ICT-related incidents and co-ordinate Participating States will voluntarily facilitate co-operation among the 2013 competent national bodies and exchange of information in relation with Preparedness 2013 responses to enable a direct dialogue and to facilitate interaction among responsible national bodies and experts. Participating States will update Communication contact information annually and notify changes no later than thirty days security of and in the use of ICTs. after a change has occurred. Participating States will voluntarily establish Participating States will on a voluntary basis and at the appropriate level measures to ensure rapid communication at policy levels of authority, to hold consultations in order to reduce the risks of misperception, and of 2013 possible emergence of political or military tension or conflict that may stem permit concerns to be raised at the national security level. Communication from the use of ICTs, and to protect critical national and international ICT In order to reduce the risk of misunderstandings in the absence of agreed infrastructures including their integrity. terminology and to further a continuing dialogue, participating States will, as a first step, voluntarily provide a list of national terminology related to Participating States will voluntarily share information on measures that they 2013 have taken to ensure an open, interoperable, secure, and reliable Internet. 2013 Posturing security of and in the use of ICTs accompanied by an explanation or definition Posturing of each term. Each participating State will voluntarily select those terms it deems most relevant for sharing. In the longer term, participating States will endeavour to produce a consensus glossary. The participating States will use the OSCE as a platform for dialogue, exchange of best practices, awareness-raising and information on capacity2013 building regarding security of and in the use of ICTs, including effective responses to related threats. The participating States will explore further developing the OSCE role in this regard. Participating States will voluntary exchange views using OSCE platforms and Communication 2013 mechanisms inter alia, the OSCE Communications Network, maintained by the OSCE Secretariat’s Conflict Prevention Centre, subject to the relevant OSCE decision, to facilitate communications regarding the CBMs. Posturing 13