Development and functional relationships Chapter 3 – Development and functional relationships Section 1 – Development approach 3.1. The relationships between cyber activities and electromagnetic activities are still maturing making a single approach to cyber and electromagnetic activities (CEMA) challenging. Therefore our adoption and implementation of the CEMA concept and its integration into the full spectrum approach will benefit from an incremental development approach. Individual needs, for the single Services, may need to be tailored. 3 At the tactical level, a planned operation requires phone use to be blocked in the operations area. This is achieved by an electronic warfare operation jamming the broadcast tower. Due to insufficient synchronisation and coordination, it was not appreciated that jamming the tower also stopped an ongoing strategic cyber operation being conducted by partners across government. 3.2. A development maturity progression framework that outlines levels of synchronicity is shown in this chapter. Progression towards each of these representative maturity levels is implemented in various ways. However, all maturity levels will need to consider Defence lines of development for each step and how these levels align with the future force concept. a. Level 1: initial step. The initial step is the most difficult to address as funding and resources will already be allocated across the current force. 20 This step, demonstrated in Figure 3.1, will be set in the context of austerity and have to overcome extant doctrine, policy and 20 The current force is identified in Joint Concept Note (JCN) 1/17, Future Force Concept. JDN 1/18 23