Scope and definition Chapter 2 – Scope and definition Section 1 – The Defence approach 2.1. The Joint Forces Command Command Plan 2016/17 sought to establish a Joint Cyber and Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) Group to coordinate the tasking, planning and execution of Defence CEMA and produce a strategy to optimise the application of cyber and electromagnetic capabilities. The approach to its implementation should be driven by the CEMA Vision and Strategy.11 The CEMA vision will be delivered by the Ministry of Defence and partners across government. This will ensure a coherent approach for military and CEMA partners, limiting the adversary and enhancing UK Armed Forces’ freedom of manoeuvre, freedom of action, information advantage, decision superiority, and delivering operational advantage.12 These, in, turn need adequate resources, including manpower empowered to make decisions and implement change across the necessary elements of Defence. 2 2.2. CEMA is not the only available function to create the commander’s desired effect and must be considered as part of full spectrum effects and full spectrum targeting.13 Where CEMA is identified as appropriate then the discussions that follow inform the synchronisation and coordination of these activities and their contribution to the desired effect. 2.3. CEMA is defined as: the synchronisation and coordination of offensive, defensive, inform and enabling activities, across the electromagnetic environment and cyberspace.14 The definition broadly identifies four activities, which are conducted in the electromagnetic environment (EME), cyberspace, or a combination of both. Figure 2.1 expands on the definition with examples of these activities. 11 The strategy was devised by the Cyber and Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) Capability Integration Group (CIG) to determine the approach for implementing CEMA. The strategy sets out a three phase, eight year programme. At the time of publishing this joint doctrine note the strategy is awaiting endorsement. 12 The CEMA Vision is at Chapter 1, paragraph 1.1. It was endorsed by the CEMA CIG in March 2017. 13 Joint Service Publication (JSP) 900, UK Targeting Policy. 14 This is a CEMA CIG working group endorsed definition. JDN 1/18 13