MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS private education sector access possibilities are limited by the economic investment required. When considering the association with higher education institutions, different approaches must be taken into account based on the nature of constituting each one. For example, public universities are autonomous, although having common standards and coordinating among them (National Council of Rectors (CONARE) / Higher Education Planning Office (OPES)); the National Council for Higher University Education (CONESUP) authorizes and supervises private universities and the National System for Higher Education Accreditation (SINAES) certifies authorized public and private academic programs. In view of the foregoing, there is a need for joint work with various educational institutions and accreditation organisms to open courses including relevant aspects of information/cybernetics security. In addition, it’s important to take in consideration the scientific school’s network and those having computer laboratories, to foster the teaching of the fundamental aspects of cybernetic security from secondary education. 3.4.1 Strengthening of the legal framework for addressing cybercrime It is often complex to prevent a cybernetic crime and sometimes even more difficult identifying the author. Cybernetic crimes can be described in two ways: crimes against an informatics system (for example, harm or unauthorized access to data, programs or networks) and crimes facilitated through an informatics system (for example, publication of child pornography). Along these lines, there are various laws in Costa Rica35 engaged in cybernetic crime, directly and indirectly. The next figure summarizes the topics included. 35 Computer-related crimes and associated, Act N° 9048. Diario Oficial La Gaceta de la República de Costa Rica, November 06 of 2012. Available at: http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&n Valor2=73583&nValor3=101586&param2=1&strTipM=TC&lResultado=1&strSim=simp Amendment of articles 196, 196 bis, 230, 293 and 295 and addition of article 167 bis to the Criminal Code, Act N° 9135. Diario Oficial La Gaceta de la República de Costa Rica, A pril 26th of 2013. Available at: http://www.pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&n Valor2=74706&nValor3=92348&param2=1&strTipM=TC&lResultado=1&strSim=simp - 32 www.micitt.go.cr