Russian and Chinese actors have consistently attempted to penetrate the networks of strategic institutions in the Czech Republic. NÚKIB, in collaboration with its partners, has identified intrusion attempts or successful intrusions by at least four distinct threat actors targeting the networks of strategic institutions. Analysis of victim profiles and TTPs in all cases suggests a high likelihood (75–85%) that the objective was cyber espionage. In the face of state-sponsored threats, the Czech Republic confronts similar challenges to its EU and NATO allies. Threat actors primarily seek to establish long-term presence (persistence) in targeted networks, especially within strategic institutions. This is in line with their tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), with cyber espionage as their primary objective. 22