Skr. 2016/17:213 individual relates to subjects such as organisational and behavioural science. The development of self-driving cars and intelligent cities raises, for example, sociotechnical, legal and ethical issues that relate directly to cyber security. The Government Bill Collaborating for knowledge – for society’s challenges and strengthened competitiveness (Government Bill 2016/17:50) presents a number of strategic research investments focusing on particular areas, one of which is the Research Centre for Future Digital Transformation Technology. In the bill, the Government points out that it is very important that new technology forming the basis of critical infrastructure is robust and secure since adequate security must be built into these systems from the beginning. To facilitate such a development, open access to research results is very important. The Government believes that research results, such as research data and academic publications, that are produced with public funding should be openly available as far as possible. On 1 June 2016, the Government presented five strategic innovation partnership programmes to help meet a range of the societal challenges that Sweden is facing. The fifth innovation partnership programme, Connected industry and new materials, focuses on stimulating broad digital transformation of Swedish industry through mobilisation in the form of cooperation between actors. Partnership must be strengthened between established industry, IT and telecom companies, service companies, innovative young companies at the forefront of digitalisation and various research environments to better help maintain and increase Sweden’s competitiveness. A special working group under the innovation partnership programme is working to propose solutions in the area of cyber security. The strategic innovation partnership programmes are an important instrument for increasing the quality and benefit of higher education, research and development. One aspect of this is the potential to coordinate the investments of different stakeholders and generate synergy effects. It is the Government’s assessment that long-term partnership and cooperation between relevant stakeholders needs to continue being developed in the area of cyber security. The Government will work to   enhance partnerships between higher education institutions, industrial research institutes and the private and public sectors in order to increase utilisation and innovation in the area of cyber security, take cyber security into account in all strategic innovation partnership programmes. Training activities Objective: Both cross-sectoral and technical cyber security training is to be carried out regularly in order to enhance Sweden’s capability to manage the consequences of serious IT incidents. A significant component for increasing knowledge and enhancing the capability of activities to manage serious IT incidents is education and training. Regular national and international training is a prerequisite for developing and evaluating structures to manage serious IT incidents and for identifying organisational, technical and administrative development needs. Training can be used to   validate policies, plans, procedures, equipment and agreements between organisations, train personnel with respect to their roles and responsibilities, 23