57 Section 7 DEVELOP • developing opportunities for collaboration in training and education between government, the Armed Forces, industry and academia, together with facilities to maintain and exercise skills; and • we will work with industry to expand the CyberFirst programme to identify and nurture the diverse young talent pool to defend our national security; and • embedding cyber security and digital skills as an integral an integral part of relevant courses within the education system, from primary to postgraduate levels, setting standards, improving quality and providing a firm foundation for onwards progression into the field. As education is a devolved matter, some of these initiatives will apply mainly in England. We will however work with the Devolved Administrations to encourage a consistent approach across the UK education systems. Measuring success 7.1.10. The Government will measure our success in strengthening cyber security skills by assessing progress towards the following outcomes: • there are effective and clear entry routes into the cyber-security profession, which are attractive to a diverse range of people; • by 2021 cyber security is taught effectively as an integral part of relevant courses from primary to post-graduate level; • cyber security is widely acknowledged as an established profession with clear career pathways, and has achieved Royal Chartered Status; • appropriate cyber security knowledge is an integral part of the continual professional development for relevant non-cyber security professionals, across the economy; and • the Government and the Armed Forces and the Armed Forces have access to cyber specialists able to maintain the security and resilience of the UK. 7.2. STIMULATING GROWTH IN THE CYBER SECURITY SECTOR 7.2.1. A burgeoning and innovative cyber security sector is a necessity for our modern, digital economy. UK cyber security firms provide world-leading technologies, training and advice to industry and governments. But whilst the UK is a leading player, it faces fierce competition to stay ahead. There are also barriers that the Government needs to address. UK companies and academics develop cutting-edge technology, but some require support to develop the commercial and entrepreneurial skills required to thrive. There are funding gaps that prevent SMEs from growing and expanding into new markets and territories. The most ground­ breaking products and services, that offer the potential to keep us ahead of the threat, struggle to find customers who are willing to act as early adopters. Overcoming these challenges requires government, industry and academia to work effectively together. Objective 7.2.2. The Government will support the creation of a growing, innovative and thriving cyber security sector in the UK in order to create an ecosystem where: • security companies prosper, and get the investment they need to grow; • the best minds from government, academia and the private sector collaborate closely to spur innovation; and • customers of the Government and industry are sufficiently confident and prepared to adopt cutting-edge services. National Cyber Security Strategy 2016