Appendix 1: Implications for cyberspace of each element of the Commonwealth Charter a. Democracy Our Charter says, “We recognise the inalienable right of individuals to participate in democratic processes, in particular through free and fair elections in shaping the society in which they live...” Used effectively, Cyberspace supports participative democracy6 by offering multiple channels for citizen’s engagement with the democratic process, transparency and accountability of our governments, leading to good governance and a fairer society. b. Human Rights Our Charter says, “We are committed to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other relevant human rights covenants and international instruments. We are committed to equality and respect for the protection and promotion of civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development, for all without discrimination on any grounds as the foundations of peaceful, just and stable societies...” The operation of Cyberspace could and should respect, reflect and protect these rights as they are applied both online and offline. Widespread access to information through Cyberspace and the network of stakeholders it could help build, equips societies to protect Human Rights7 while supporting individuals in their quest for dignified livelihoods. c. International peace, security and economic development Our Charter says, “We firmly believe that international peace and security, sustainable economic growth and development and the rule of law are essential to the progress and prosperity of all. We are committed to an effective multilateral system based on inclusiveness, equity, justice and international law...” Whilst Cyberspace can give rise to some new threats to global peace, it has a significant role to play in engendering international peace by promoting understanding across cultures and communities, respect for international law and adherence to accepted norms of behaviour. The contribution Cyberspace could make to economic development is far more than the already significant contribution it is making8. The operation of an open and inclusive Cyberspace, while recognising legitimate economic, security, cultural and social concerns of members, will deliver these Charter outcomes. d. Tolerance, respect and understanding Our Charter says, “We emphasise the need to promote tolerance, respect, understanding, moderation and religious freedom which are essential to the development of free and democratic societies, and recall that respect for the dignity of all human beings is critical to promoting peace and prosperity. We accept that diversity and understanding the richness of our multiple identities are fundamental to the Commonwealth’s principles and approach.” Cyberspace provides direct person-to-person social interactions9 between social, ethnic, religious and racial groups and thereby promotes respect for cultural and linguistic diversity, 6 7 8 9 Cell vs. internet: The Impact on democratisation in Africa, Dr Patience Akpan-Obong August 2010 The Internet Society, “ Internet and Human rights: The Challenge of Empowered Communities”, Nov 2012 OECD report “The internet economy on the rise – progress since the Seoul Declaration” published 2013 "Universities and schools using internet forums in support of the UN International Year of the Youth 2010/11"