Vision: Safe and trusted cyberspace for the people of Kenya threats. Further, cybersecurity awareness of government employees and the general public is assessed to be low thus increasing susceptibility to cybersecurity threats. On the other hand, Kenya increasingly continues to face cybersecurity threats (see figure 1) leveraging on the above-mentioned challenges. Nation states and corporate entities have used cyber espionage to gain access to sensitive/classified data for financial gain, political reasons and to gain competitive advantage. Further, as ICTs become more interconnected, systems become susceptible to sabotage through deliberate and malicious acts that may disrupt normal processes and functions or destroy/damage equipment and information. Similarly, Cyber subversion through propaganda, fake news and misinformation may undermine trust in the government, authority and competence of leaders thus posing a threat to Kenya’s stability. In addition, terror groups continue to leverage on ICTs (virtual private networks, internet, global applications, social media platforms and websites) for recruitment, radicalization, incitement, financing, training, planning and execution of attacks. Also, there has been an increase in cyber fraud cases through banking/finance, sim swaps and online scams such as digital Ponzi schemes, job scams, fake websites & lotteries, Crypto and Forex Scams, “Tuma kwa Hii Namba” syndicates among others Cyber Warfare Data breaches Cyber subversion /activism Cyber espionage Cyber Threats and Risks Cyber sabotage Cyber terrorism Figure 1: Threats and Actors 3