necessary for addressing global cybercrime or global cyber issues. They exchanged information on their respective capacity building efforts to advance global capacities to tackle cybercrime and increase cyber resilience. The United States and European Union are looking forward to the new UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) pursuant to the U.S.-drafted resolution on Advancing Responsible State Behaviour in the Context of International Security and the upcoming UN Open Ended Working Group on cyber-related issues and believe that both processes should build upon the landmark 2013 and 2015 consensus reports, including addressing how existing international law applies to state behavior in cyberspace. The U.S. and EU delegations pledged to engage constructively in increasing the international community’s awareness, adherence to and implementation of the recommendations contained in the existing consensus GGE reports regarding the applicability of international law to cyberspace, and non-binding norms of responsible behavior by States in cyberspace during peacetime, to which all UN Member States have previously and repeatedly committed. In addition, both sides welcomed important progress on the development and implementation of cyber confidence building measures (CBMs) to reduce misperceptions and the risk of escalation stemming from the use of information and communications technologies. The U.S. and EU delegations noted the importance of the ongoing implementation of the CBMs committed to in the Organization for Security Cooperation in Europe and welcomed the adoption of cyber CBMs by the Organization for American States and the ASEAN Regional Forum. In order to keep cyberspace stable and secure, the United States and the European Union are committed to working together and with others to hold States accountable for actions that are contrary to the international consensus on responsible state behavior in cyberspace. In that regard they firmly condemn the malicious cyber activities that have taken place in recent years and affirm the need to strengthen cooperation through both continued dialogue and practical efforts to coordinate and cooperate in their respective efforts to prevent, detect, deter, and respond to malicious cyber activities. The European Union will host the next U.S.-EU cyber dialogue in Brussels in 2020. Category Joint Statements Location Bruxelles Editorial sections North America United States of America EEAS 2/3

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