Quantum Computing Quantum computers are experimental devices that are designed to process certain calculations very quickly. Whereas a classical computer works with ones and zeros, a quantum computer will have the advantage of using ones, zeros and “superpositions” of ones and zeros. Certain difficult tasks that have long been thought impossible for classical computers will be achieved quickly and efficiently by a quantum computer. Ransomware Malicious software that denies an individual or organization access to key files and systems until a ransom is paid to the cybercriminal. Ransomware involves encryption, locked screens and/or other methods to prevent file access and extort victims, such as leaking sensitive data online, and ransomware payments often involve cryptocurrency. Secure-by-Design Secure-by-Design means that technology products are built in a way that reasonably protects against malicious cyber actors successfully gaining access to devices, data, and connected infrastructure. 44 National Cyber Security Strategy