RESOLUTION on the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Slovenia (ReSNV-2) RESOLUCIJA o strategiji nacionalne varnosti Republike Slovenije (ReSNV-2) 3. The Geopolitical And Geostrategic Position Of The Republic Of Slovenia And Its International Security Environment 3. Geopolitični in geostrateški položaj Republike Slovenije ter njeno mednarodno varnostno okolje 3.1. The Geopolitical and Geostrategic Position of the Republic of Slovenia 3.1. Geopolitični in geostrateški položaj Republike Slovenije The Republic of Slovenia is a continental and maritime country. Its geostrategic position in Europe and the wider area remains unique in the context of increasing globalization and the strengthening of transnational connections. Republika Slovenija je celinska in pomorska država. Njen geostrateški položaj v evropskem in širšem prostoru je poseben in ostaja takšen tudi v razmerah vse močnejše globalizacije in krepitve transnacionalnih povezav. It lies at the junction of the Central, Southern European, and Mediterranean geostrategic and geopolitical spaces. This brings political, economic, social, cultural, and other advantages and opportunities, but also certain security risks. Leži na stičišču srednje- in južnoevropskega ter sredozemskega geostrateškega in geopolitičnega prostora. To predstavlja tako politične, gospodarske, družbene in kulturne ter druge prednosti in priložnosti kot tudi določena varnostna tveganja. The shortest land routes linking Western and Central Europe to South-Eastern Europe and Asia, and the shortest and most convenient routes from the Central European continental regions to the Adriatic Coast, and from Eastern and SouthEastern Europe to the Apennine Peninsula, all cross the territory of the Republic of Slovenia. The territory is also located in the wider area of interest between the Adriatic, Baltic, and Black Seas. Supply routes to the Republic of Slovenia and the wider European area are highly dependent on the operation of ports in the Northern Adriatic Sea, on maritime transport, land routes, and air transport. Different geopolitical interests intersect on the territory of the Republic of Slovenia, which is why it is subject to various political and military assessments and plans. Ozemlje Republike Slovenije prečkajo najkrajše kopenske poti, ki zahodno in srednjo Evropo povezujejo z jugovzhodno Evropo in Azijo, ter najkrajše in najugodnejše poti s srednjeevropskih celinskih območij do obale Jadranskega morja ter iz vzhodne in jugovzhodne Evrope do Apeninskega polotoka. Prav tako se nahaja na širšem interesnem območju med Jadranskim, Baltskim in Črnim morjem. Oskrba Republike Slovenije in širšega evropskega prostora je zelo odvisna od delovanja pristanišč v severnem Jadranu, pomorskega prometa, kopenskih poti in zračnega prometa. Na ozemlju Republike Slovenije se križajo geopolitični interesi, zato je ozemlje Republike Slovenije predmet različnih politično-vojaških ocen in načrtov. The important comparative advantages of the Republic of Slovenia as a member of the European Union and NATO will continue to derive from the country‘s historical, political, economic, social, ethnic, cultural, and other connections to the area of South-Eastern Europe. The Republic of Slovenia will make optimal use of these advantages to contribute to the strengthening of political stability and security in the region. This will be important with regard to ensuring good political and economic relationships with the countries in the region, and thus to protecting Slovenia‘s national interests. Special attention will be devoted to the strengthening of relationships and cooperation with those countries in the region that are not integrated into the Euro-Atlantic structures, the Schengen area, or the European Union, and to cooperation with those countries that recognize this region as part of their area of interest. Pomembne primerjalne prednosti Republike Slovenije kot članice Evropske unije in Nata bodo tudi v prihodnje izhajale iz njenih zgodovinskih, političnih, gospodarskih, socialnih, etničnih, kulturnih in drugih povezav z območjem jugovzhodne Evrope. Te prednosti bo Republika Slovenija optimalno izkoristila pri oblikovanju lastnega prispevka h krepitvi politične stabilnosti in varnosti v regiji, kar bo pomembno z vidika zagotavljanja dobrih političnih in gospodarskih odnosov z državami te regije ter s tem zaščite lastnih nacionalnih interesov. V tem okviru bo posebno pozornost namenila krepitvi odnosov in sodelovanju z državami v regiji, ki niso vključene v evroatlantske integracije, schengenski prostor ali Evropsko unijo, oziroma sodelovanju s tistimi državami, ki to regijo prepoznavajo kot del njihovega interesnega območja. 3.2. The International Security Environment of the Republic of Slovenia 3.2. Mednarodno varnostno okolje Republike Slovenije After decades of easing of tensions in the international security environment, these are increasing once more. The modern international security environment is changing rapidly and fundamentally. The negative consequences of globalization processes and their responses have made it more integrated, complex, and uncertain. There have been long-term changes in the balance of economic and military forces. The key factors include multipolarity; a wide range of threats and threat actors with a strengthened role of non-state actors; instability in the immediate neighbourhood; global erosion of democratic values and human rights; international regulations and multilateralism; assertion of 8 Po desetletjih popuščanja napetosti v mednarodnem varnostnem okolju se te v njem znova povečujejo. Sodobno mednarodno varnostno okolje se naglo in v temeljih spreminja. Zaradi negativnih posledic procesov globalizacije in odzivov nanje je postalo bolj povezano, kompleksno in negotovo. Prihaja do dolgoročnih sprememb v ravnovesju gospodarskih in vojaških sil. Ključni dejavniki so multipolarnost, širok nabor groženj in akterjev ogrožanja z okrepljeno vlogo nedržavnih akterjev, nestabilnost neposredne soseščine, na globalni ravni erozija demokratičnih vrednot in človekovih pravic, mednarodne 9