 developing opportunities for collaboration in training and education between government, the Armed Forces, industry and academia, together with facilities to maintain and exercise skills;  we will work with industry to expand the Cyber First programme to identify and nurture the diverse young talent pool to defend our national security; and  Embedding cyber security and digital skills as an integral part of relevant courses within the education system, from primary to postgraduate levels, setting standards, improving quality and providing a firm foundation for onwards progression into the field. As education is a devolved matter, we will work with the Devolved Administrations to encourage a consistent approach across education systems. The Government will measure our success in strengthening cyber security skills by assessing progress towards the following outcomes:  there are effective and clear entry routes into the cyber-security profession, which are attractive to a diverse range of people;  by 2022 cyber security is taught effectively as an integral part of relevant courses from primary to post-graduate level;  cyber security is widely acknowledged as an established profession with clear career pathways;  appropriate cyber security knowledge is an integral part of the continual professional development for relevant non-cyber security professionals, across the economy; and  The Government and the Armed Forces have access to cyber specialists able to maintain the security and resilience of the state. 4.3.2 EFFECTIVE HORIZON SCANNING The Government must ensure that policy-making takes account of the changing cyber, geopolitical and technology landscape. To do this, we need to make effective use of broad horizon scanning and assessment work. We need to invest in proofing ourselves against future threats and anticipate market changes that might affect our cyber resilience in five to ten years’ time. We need horizon scanning programmes that generate recommendations to inform current and future government policy and programme planning.