A/68/156/Add.1 measures to deny or restrict the transfer of advanced information and telecommunications know-how, technologies and means, as well as the provision of information and telecommunications services, to developing countries; (c) Ensuring the security of information and telecommunications at the national level is exclusively the responsibility of individual States. However, owing to the global nature of information and telecommunications, States should be encouraged to cooperate in preventing the threats resulting from the malicious use of information and telecommunications technologies and means; (d) The right to freedom of expression should fully be respected. At the same time, this right, in no case, should be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations, national laws and the principles of protection of national security, public order, public health or morals and decency; (e) States are responsible for their internationally wrongful activities using information and telecommunications technologies and means that is clearly attributable to them; (f) Building a safe and secure information and telecommunications environment for the benefit of all nations should be the main guiding principle and, therefore, States should refrain, under all circumstances, from the use of information and telecommunications technologies and means for hostile, restrictive or other illegal purposes, including the development and use of information weapons; to undermine or destabilize political, economic or social systems of other States or to erode their cultural, moral, ethical or religious values; and the transboundary dissemination of information in contravention of international law, including the Constitution and regulations of the International Telecommunication Union, or national legislation of targeted countries; (g) States should raise awareness, at the national and international levels, about the need to preserve and improve the security of information and telecommunications through the responsible use of relevant technologies and means, aimed at developing an international common culture of the information and telecommunications security. Japan [Original: English] [12 August 2013] General appreciation of the issues of information security Japan is of the view that cyberspace serves as a basic infrastructure for socioeconomic activities for both the public and private sectors. Cyberspace facilitates economic growth, employment and development, as well as democracy and the protection of human rights by securing free flow of information and freedom of expression thereof. Use of cyberspace is essential to the lives of people and has been prevailing globally. At the same time, there is a growing need for protecting privacy and intellectual property rights and ensuring the security of cyberspace in order to fully enjoy the benefits of the “positive side” of cyberspace. In addition, cyber attacks have been conducted throughout the world and have become transnational global 13-47545 13/24