c) Promoting open data policies 24. In 2013 the G8 summit in Lough Erne endorsed a transformative Open Data Charter to make budget data and other government information public in an easily accessible way. Recognizing that making information resources accessible, discoverable, and usable by the public can improve the lives of citizens and help fuel entrepreneurship, innovation, and scientific discovery, we commit to continue to promote frameworks to facilitate interoperability and openness. d) Developing human capital 25. We encourage actions to develop ICT human capital to meet existing and future needs and to help small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) increase productivity and reach new markets by using ICT. e) Protecting intellectual property 26. We affirm the importance of developing and protecting intellectual property, including trade secrets. We recognize that strong intellectual property regimes foster open markets, competition, innovation and growth. We oppose generally applicable policies that require access to or transfer of source code of mass market software as a condition of market access while recognizing the legitimate interest of governments in assessing the security of these products. f) Facilitating R&D and adoption of emerging technologies 27. We recognize the importance of facilitating emerging technologies in achieving a digitally connected world. We reaffirm our commitment to encouraging ICT R&D relating to emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data analytics, 5G mobile telecommunications, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and robotics. We plan to ensure that our policy frameworks take into account the broader societal and economic implications of such technologies as they are developed while remaining technology neutral. ⅳ. Using ICT to address global challenges and opportunities 28. We commit to sharing experience relating to initiatives that leverage ICTs to contribute to the 2030 Agenda, notably in areas such as poverty and hunger, health care, child online protection, the ageing society, education, gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls, accessibility, energy and climate change, resilience and disaster risk reduction, and sustainable transportation and logistics. 29. We also recognize that the WSIS outcomes, and Action Lines, continue to provide the appropriate international framework for multi-stakeholder collaboration in the 5